Table 3.

Adult echocardiogram findings of myocarditis, pericarditis or myocardial ischemia.

Trial	Proposed SM induced cardiac diagnosis	Age (years)	Hemoglobin g/dL	Dimensions	EF %	Structural	Pulmonary artery pressures mmHg	Cardiac Biomarkers
Mohsen (2001) [19]	Myocarditis	30	11.2	–	D0 admission echo normal. Cardiac Output was supra-normal at 11l/min. Echo on d10 demonstrated severe global left ventricular dysfunction with no regional wall abnormalities (EF 38%)		Normal RAP and PWP (12–18mmHg)	Normal creatinine phosphokinase
Nayak (2013) [30]	–	13–75years	–	(LVEDD) of 4.04 (LVESD) of 2.55	56% with cardiac involvement (59% without cardiac involvement)	9 patients had mitral regurgitation, mild tricuspid regurgitation, mild aortic regurgitation and mild pulmonary regurgitation; these findings were present at the time of admission, on the day of discharge as well as on Day 21 of follow up. None of these patients had any valvular thickening. No patient had any evidence of pericardial effusion and regional or global hypokinesia		Both Troponin-I and CPK-MB were increased in 14% cases and were found normal in 3 out of 17 patients who presented with cardiovascular involvement
Sulaiman (2014) [31]	Myocardial Ischemia	51	10.7	–	Hyperdynamic contractility with preserved LV systolic function			Normal (and normal coronary angiography)
Colomba (2017) [32]	Pericarditis	19 and 52	8.2/8.6	–		Pt 1. Revealed an anterior non-compressive pericardial effusion (6 mm behind the right atrium, 9 mm in lateral) and a congenital intra-atrial and intra-ventricular communication with left-to-right shunt Pt 2. Left ventricular concentric hypertrophy with preserved global systolic function, absence of any segmental wall-motion abnormalities of the left ventricle; right sections were of normal size with preserved right ventricular function. It also showed pericardial effusion		-
Ray (2017) [33]	–		–	–	<55% in 3, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in 1	mild pericardial effusion (1)	mild TR with mild PAH (1)	–
Leopard (2018) [35]	–	33		LVFS % 41 IVC collapsibility % 18 Uncomplicated 31% LVFS 26% IVCC Sepsis 31% LVFS 26% IVCC (all medians)	–			–

Data presented as means unless otherwise indicated.

Blank = no value given, LVEF = Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, LVEDD = Left Ventricular End Diastolic Diameter, LVESD = Left Ventricular End Systolic Dysfunction, TR = Tricuspid Regurgitation, PAH = Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.