Table 1. NcRNAs regulating the process of OSCC in exosomes.
| NcRNAs | Types of ncRNAs | Pro/ Anti-tumor | Target/ Signal pathway | Functions | Origin of exosomes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR8485 | miRNA | Pro-tumor | — | Promote the carcinogenesis of premalignant lesions, proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells | MSCs | Li et al. (2019b) |
| miR-6887-5p | miRNA | Anti-tumor | HBp17/FGFBP-1 | Inhibit tumor cell proliferation, colony formation, then tumor growth | A431 cells | Higaki et al. (2020) |
| miR-142-3p | miRNA | Pro-tumor | TGFBR1 | Cause tumor-promoting changes | Oral dysplasia and OSCC cell lines | Dickman et al. (2017) |
| miR-24-3p | miRNA | Pro-tumor | PER1 | Maintain the proliferation of OSCC cells | Saliva in OSCC patients | He et al. (2020) |
| miR-3188 | miRNA | Anti-tumor | BCL2 | The loss of miR-3188 in exosomes contributes to the malignant phenotypes of HNC cells through the depression of BCL2 | CAFs |
Wang et al. (2019a) Wang et al. (2019a) |
| miR-34a-5p | miRNA | Anti-tumor | AXLAKT/GSK-3beta/ beta-catenin signaling pathway | MiR-34a-5p binds to direct downstream target AXL to suppress OSCC cell proliferation and metastasis | CAFs |
Li et al. (2018a), Li et al. (2018b), Li et al. (2018c) |
| miR3825p | miRNA | Pro-tumor | — | Responsible for OSCC cell migration and invasion | CAFs | Sun et al. (2019) |
| miR-21-5p | miRNA | Pro-tumor | — | Increase metastasis, stemness, chemoresistance and poor survival in patients with OSCC | CAL27 and SCC-15 OSCC cells | Chen et al. (2019) |
| miR-1246 | miRNA | Pro-tumor | DENND2DERK/ AKT pathway | Increase cell motility and invasive ability | HOC313-LM OSCC cells | Sakha et al. (2016) |
| miR-21 | miRNA | Pro-tumor | miR-21/HIF-1alpha/ HIF-2alpha-dependent pathway | MiR-21 can be delivered to normoxic cells to promote prometastatic behaviors | Hypoxic OSCC cells | Li et al. (2016) |
| Pro-tumor | PTEN, PDCD4 | Induce cisplatin resistance of OSCC cells | HSC-3-R and SCC-9-R | Liu et al. (2017) | ||
| miR-200c-3p | miRNA | Pro-tumor | CHD9, WRN | Spread invasive capacity by exosomes in tumor microenvironment | SQUU-B tongue cancer cell clones | Kawakubo-Yasukochi et al. (2018) |
| miR-155 | miRNA | Pro-tumor | — | Lead to mesenchymal transition and increase migratory potential and acquire cells drug-resistant phenotype | Cisplatin resistant OSCC cells | Kirave et al. (2020) |
| miR-200c | miRNA | Anti-tumor | TUBB3, PPP2R1B | Increase the sensitivity of Docetaxel (DTX) resistant HSC-3 cells to DTX | normal tongue epithelial cells (NTECs) | Cui et al. (2020) |
| miR-101-3p | miRNA | Anti-tumor | COL10A1 | Overexpression of miR-101-3p inhibit oral cancer progression and provide a therapeutic target | human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) | Xie et al. (2019) |
| miR-29a-3p | miRNA | Pro-tumor | SOCS1 | Promote M2 subtype macrophage polarization, tumor cell proliferation and invasion | SCC-9 and CAL-27 | Cai et al. (2019) |
| FLJ22447 | lncRNA | Pro-tumor | Lnc-CAF/IL-33 | Reprogram normal fibroblast to CAFs and promote OSCC development | CAFs | Ding et al. (2018) |