Fig. 2.

Nlgn1^−/− mice display normal adjusting of learned associations. a–c Reversal learning task. a Reward contingencies were switched following acquisition of learning criterion for visual discrimination, S+ (rewarded stimulus), S− (unrewarded stimulus). b Reversal learning curve showing performance accuracy across sessions, values represent means ± SEM. c Effect of genotype, session, and their interaction on correct responding, GLLAMM (logistic link function), **p < 0.005 significantly different from 1, values represent odds ratio ± 95% CI. d–f Extinction learning task. d Once robust instrumental responding to a performance criterion was reached, responses were no longer rewarded. e Extinction learning curve showing percentages of responses across sessions, values represent means ± SEM. f Effect of genotype, session, trial within a session, and their interactions on responding, GLLAMM (logistic link function), **p < 0.005 significantly different from 1, values represent the estimated effect of the variables on the odds of correct responding (odds ratio) ± 95% CI. g Nlgn1^−/− and WT mice both display similar levels of perseverative behavior in response selection across tasks (pairwise visual discrimination, PD; object-location paired associate learning, PAL; reversal learning, RL). Mice were less accurate on correction trials (effect of correction trial on correct responding, effect sizes < 1); more accurate on pseudorandom trials with reoccurring stimulus configurations (effect of reoccurring pseudorandom trial on correct responding, effect size > 1); but there were no differences due to genotype (effect of correction trial × genotype interaction, effect of reoccurring pseudorandom trial × genotype interaction). GLLAMM (logistic link function), **p < 0.005, values represent the estimated effect of the variables on the odds of correct responding (odds ratio) ± 95% CI