Table 2.
Changes in HDL-C Concentrations Based on Coffee Consumption
| Variables | β-Coefficient | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Coffee consumption (cups/wk) (Ref: <1) |
||
| 1–4 | 1.5635 | 0.0919 |
| ≥5 | 1.9586 | 0.0442 |
| Sex (Ref: Women) | ||
| Men | −11.7347 | <0.0001 |
| Age (year) | 0.0337 | 0.3214 |
| Cigarette smoking (Ref: Never) | ||
| Former | 0.7722 | 0.6133 |
| Current | −2.3824 | 0.0304 |
| Alcohol drinking (Ref: Never) | ||
| Former | 5.7309 | 0.0083 |
| Current | 5.7832 | <0.0001 |
| Betel nut chewing (Ref: Never) | ||
| Former | −.3.4260 | 0.0853 |
| Current | −1.5094 | 0.4491 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (Ref: 18.5–23.9) | ||
| <18.5 | 5.1591 | 0.0166 |
| 24.0–26.9 | −5.0620 | <0.0001 |
| ≥27.0 | −9.8979 | <0.0001 |
| Vegetarian diet (Ref: No) | ||
| Yes | 0.6056 | 0.6492 |
| Exercise(Ref: No) | ||
| Yes | 1.4178 | 0.0593 |
| Non-HDL(Ref: <130 mg/dL) | ||
| ≥130 mg/dL | −2.3558 | 0.0021 |
Abbreviations: β, beta; wk, week; ref, reference; BMI, body mass index.