Table 4.
Factors Affecting ANC Service Attendance Among Pregnant Women in Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, South Ethiopia, March 2015
| Variables | Category | Attendance to ANC Service | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||
| Educational status | Illiterate | 160 (31.9%) | 94 (45.9%) | 1 | 1 |
| Read and write | 44 (8.8%) | 27 (13.2%) | 0.96 (0.56–1.65) | 0.61 (0.28–1.33) | |
| Primary education | 224 (44.7%) | 63 (30.7%) | 2.09 (1.43–3.05)b | 1.37 (0.75–2.51) | |
| Secondary education | 73 (14.6%) | 21 (10.2%) | 2.04 (1.18–3.53)b | 0.65 (0.25–1.66) | |
| Marital status | In marital union | 486 (96.8%) | 190 (92.7%) | 1 | 1 |
| Not in marital union | 16 (3.2%) | 15 (7.3%) | 0.42 (0.21–0.86)b | 0.39 (0.16–0.97)c | |
| Occupation | Farmer | 231 (46%) | 107 (52.2%) | 1 | 1 |
| Housewives | 185 (36.9%) | 64 (31.2%) | 1.34 (0.93–1.93) | 1.55 (0.93–2.58) | |
| Othersa | 86 (17.1%) | 34 (16.6%) | 1.17 (0.74–1.85) | 1.44 (0.73–2.85) | |
| Quintiles of wealth/SES | Low | 116 (23.%) | 87 (42.4%) | 1 | 1 |
| Low–medium | 104 (20.8%) | 45 (22%) | 1.73 (1.12–2.71)b | 1.54 (0.81–2.92) | |
| Medium–high | 84 (16.8%) | 39 (19%) | 1.62 (1.01–2.58)b | 1.30 (0.63–2.69) | |
| High | 196 (39.2%) | 34 (16.6%) | 4.33 (2.74–6.84)b | 2.62 (1.29–5.29)c | |
| Ever listened to radio | Yes | 286 (41%) | 84 (57%) | 1.91 (1.37–2.65)b | 1.03 (0.61–1.75) |
| No | 216 (59%) | 121 (43%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Food insecure | Yes | 248 (49.4%) | 136 (66.3%) | 0.49 (0.35–0.69)b | 0.50 (0.32–0.79)c |
| No | 254 (50.6%) | 69 (33.7%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Planned pregnancy | Yes | 335 (66.7%) | 85 (41.5%) | 2.83 (2.03–3.96)b | 1.82 (1.16–2.85)c |
| No | 167 (33.3%) | 120 (58.5%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Parity | One | 158 (36.9%) | 45 (29%) | 1 | 1 |
| Two to four | 238 (55.6%) | 94 (60.6%) | 0.72 (0.48–1.08) | 0.76 (0.47–1.24) | |
| Five and above | 32 (7.5%) | 16 (10.3%) | 0.57 (0.28–1.13) | 1.15 (0.49–2.69) | |
| Place of last birth | At home | 223 (51.7%) | 116 (73.4%) | 1 | 1 |
| At health institution | 208 (48.3%) | 42 (26.6%) | 2.57 (1.73–3.84)b | 1.47 (0.92–2.35) | |
| History of still birth | Yes | 48 (11.1%) | 22 (13.9%) | 0.77 (0.45–1.33) | 0.68 (0.34–1.37) |
| No | 383 (88.9%) | 136 (86.1%) | 1 | 1 | |
| History of abortion/miscarriage | Yes | 82 (19.1%) | 32 (20.1%) | 0.94 (0.59–1.48) | 0.85 (0.46–1.55) |
| No | 347 (80.9%) | 127 (79.9%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Knowledgeable on danger signs | Yes | 393 (78.3%) | 92 (44.9%) | 4.43 (3.13–6.27)b | 1.12 (0.41–3.04) |
| No | 109 (21.7%) | 113 (55.1%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Perceived risk from danger signs | Yes | 377 (75.1%) | 84 (41%) | 4.34 (3.08–6.13)b | 4.32 (1.60–11.67)c |
| No | 125 (24.9%) | 121 (59%) | 1 | 1 | |
Notes: aCarpenter, daily laborer, etc. bSignificant at bivariate analysis at P-value of <0.25, cSignificant at multivariable analysis at P-value of <0.05. Adjusted for women’s educational status, marital status, occupation, habit of listening radio, household wealth and food insecurity status, parity, plan of pregnancy, place of previous birth, history of still birth, history of abortion/miscarriage, knowledge on danger signs and perceived risk from danger signs.
Abbreviations: SES, socio-economic status; COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio.