Table 1.
The Comparison of Clinicopathological Factors Between Training Set and Validation Set
| Characteristics | Patients | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Training Set(n=230) | Validation Set(n=98) | ||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 63 (61–67.25) | 63(61–69.25) | 0.924 |
| Gender, (male/female) | 136/94 | 54/44 | 0.499 |
| HbsAg positive, n (%) | 82(35.7%) | 29(29.6%) | 0.288 |
| Portal hypertension, n (%) | 45(19.6%) | 15(15.3%%) | 0.361 |
| Baseline laboratory investigations | |||
| WBC count ×109/L, median (IQR) | 6.2 (5.20–7.60) | 5.81 (4.93–7.63) | 0.603 |
| NEUT count ×109/L, median (IQR) | 4.04 (3.11–5.36) | 3.845(2.88–5.34) | 0.381 |
| PLT count ×109/L, median (IQR) | 148(112–193) | 157.5(112–217.5) | 0.461 |
| ALT (U/L), median (IQR) | 25.5 (17–39) | 24(16–32) | 0.139 |
| AST (U/L), median (IQR) | 30(23–40) | 29.5(24–36.5) | 0.671 |
| GGT (U/L), median (IQR) | 69(36.75–125.75) | 29.5(24–36.25) | 0.962 |
| TBIL (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 10.9 (6.8–14.8) | 9.95 (5.65–16.3) | 0.381 |
| ALB (g/L), median (IQR) | 42.25(39.3–45.2) | 42.2(38.75–45.03) | 0.516 |
| PT(s), median (IQR) | 11.7 (11.1–12.3) | 11.5(11.1–12.1) | 0.335 |
| INR, median (IQR) | 1.03(0.97–1.09) | 1.02(0.96–1.08) | 0.372 |
| CA19-9 level(U/mL), median (IQR) | 76.2(19.1–405.5) | 49.75(15.58–463.78) | 0.529 |
| PNI | 0.518 | ||
| ≥45 | 190(82.6%) | 78(79.6%) | |
| <45 | 40(17.4%) | 20(20.4%) | |
| Tumor size (cm), median (range) | 5.3(3.875–7.125) | 4.9(1.5–13) | 0.348 |
| Tumor number, (Multiple/solitary) | 0.329 | ||
| Multiple | 71(30.9%) | 25(25.5%) | |
| Solitary | 159(69.1%) | 73(74.5%) | |
| Tumor location, n(%) | 0.714 | ||
| Left lobe | 88(38.3%) | 39 (39.8%) | |
| Right lobe | 88(38.3%) | 40 (40.8%) | |
| Both lobes | 54(23.4%) | 19(19.4%) | |
| Extent of liver resection, n(%) | 0.106 | ||
| Major | 121(52.6%) | 42(42.9%) | |
| Minor | 109(47.4%) | 56(57.1%) | |
| MVI, n (%) | 0.279 | ||
| Yes | 42 (18.26%) | 23 (23.47%) | |
| No | 188 (81.74%) | 75 (76.53%) | |
| Macroscopic vascular invasion, n(%) | 0.996 | ||
| Yes | 68 (29.57%) | 29(29.59%) | |
| No | 162 (70.43%) | 69(70.41%) | |
| Satellite nodules, n(%) | 0.959 | ||
| Yes | 31(13.5%) | 13(13.3%) | |
| No | 199(86.5%) | 85(86.7%) | |
| Lymph node metastasis, n (%) | 0.384 | ||
| Present | 53 (23.0%) | 27(27.55%) | |
| Absent | 177 (77.0%) | 71(72.45%) | |
| Tumor encapsulation, n(%) | 0.697 | ||
| Incomplete | 119(51.7%) | 53(54.1%) | |
| Complete | 111 (48.3%) | 45(45.9%) | |
| Operation approach, n(%) | 0.394 | ||
| LLR | 19(8.3%) | 11(11.2%) | |
| OLR | 211(91.7%) | 87(88.8%) | |
| Complication, Clavien-Dindo ≥3, n (%) | 0.600 | ||
| Yes | 28(12.2%) | 14(14.3%) | |
| No | 202(87.8%) | 84(85.7%) | |
| Survival status | 0.157 | ||
| Cancer-specific death | 111(48.3%) | 63(64.3%) | |
| Non-cancer-specific death | 27(11.7%) | 8(8.2%) | |
| Alive | 92(40%) | 27(27.5%) | |
Abbreviations: HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; WBC, white blood cell; NEU, neutrophil; PLT, platelet; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transferase; TBIL, total bilirubin; ALB, albumin; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19–9; PNI, Prognostic Nutritional Index; MVI, microvascular invasion; LLR, laparoscopic liver resection; OLR, open liver resection.