Table 1.

Examples for Candidate Effect Modifiers Identified from the Literature

Drug (Class)	Potential Effect Modifiers	Major Adverse Events	Exemplary Reference(s)
Anticoagulants (oral)	History of thromboembolism Co-medication	Thromboembolic events Major bleeding	[54,55]
Antidepressants	Sex	Healthcare utilisation (eg, hospitalizations)	[56]
Antidiabetics	History of cardiovascular disease	Major cardiovascular events	[57]
Antithrombotic drugs/antiplatelets (eg, prasugrel)	Co-medication, age Diabetes	Major bleeding Major cardiovascular events	[15,58,59]
Beta-Blockers	Age Heart failure after myocardial infarction	Cardiovascular events Mortality	[60,61]
Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system	Previous stroke Age	Cardiovascular events Mortality	[62,63]
Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs	Sex Disease duration	Non-persistence as a proxy for treatment failure	[64]
Statins	Chronic kidney disease/dialysis Age	Cardiovascular events	[65,66]
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Co-medication (eg, proton-pump inhibitors)	Mortality	[67]

Note: The listed examples were identified from a systematic literature search which was adapted from Schandelmaier and co-workers⁶⁸ and extended by adding search terms for the respective drug class.