Table 2.
Summary of Data from Studies Reporting the Frequency of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Among Blood Donors
| Study | Number of Donors | Type of Donorsa | Frequency of Hep B (HBsAg) | Frequency of Hep C (Anti-HCV Antibodies) | Frequency of Hep B, Hep C Coinfection |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shah et al9 | 32,042 | VNRDs (100%) | 632 (1.97%) | 502 (1.57%) | NR |
| Ansari et al10 | 5517 | NR | 104 (1.8%) | 109 (1.9%) | NR |
| Waheed et al11 | 10,145 | RDs (94%) VNRDs (6%) |
397 (3.91%) | 846 (8.34%) | NR |
| Attaullah et al12 | 1,27,828 | NR | 3432 (2.68%) | 3147 (2.46%) | NR |
| Irfan et al13 | 108,598 | RDs (98.8%) VNRDs (1.2%) |
2068 (1.90%) | 2832 (2.61%) | 94 (0.084%) |
| Tunio et al14 | 2696 | NR | 49 (1.82%) | 93 (3.45%) | 2 (0.074%) |
| Tufail et al15 | 1833 | NR | 15 (0.81%) | 57 (3.1%) | NR |
| Sulehri et al16 | 600 | NR | NR | 0%b 60 (10%)c |
NR |
| Chaudhary et al17 | 2155 | VNRDs (100%) | 21 (1.3%) | 77 (3.6%) | NR |
| Ghafoor et al18 | 1500 | VNRDs (100%) | 22 (1.47%) | 62 (4.1%) | NR |
| Waheed et al19 | 65,376 | RDs (91.75%) VNRDs (8.25%) |
2765 (4.22%) | 1083 (1.65%) | NR |
| Sial et al20 | 29,522 | RDs (87%) VNRDs (13%) |
368 (1.24%) | 743 (2.51%) | 9 (0.03%) |
| Raza et al21 | 33,595 | NR | 554 (1.64%) | 716 (2.1%) | NR |
| Niazi et al22 | 160,552 | RDs (95.4%) VNRDs (4.6%) |
2385 (1.48%) | 4194 (2.61%) | NR |
| Nadeem et al23 | 4662 | VNRDs (10.7%) Directed (85.7%) |
58 (1.24%) | 99 (2.12%) | NR |
| Arshad et al24 | 16,602 | RDs (95%) | 290 (1.7%) | 307 (1.84%) | NR |
| Memon et al25 | 4683 | NR | 66 (1.4%) | 165 (3.52%) | NR |
| Zameer et al26 | 10,048 | NR | 160 (1.59%) | 387 (3.75%) | 12 (0.11%) |
| Wadood et al27 | 536 | NR | NR | 16 (2.99%) | NR |
| Saeed et al28 | 18,274 | RDs (99.89%). VNRDs (0.10%) |
210 (1.10%) | 480 (2.62%) | 22 (0.12%) |
| Sultan et al29 | 16,957 | RDs (99.2%) VNRDs (0.7%) |
301 (1.78%) | 365 (2.15%) | NR |
| Rehman et al30 | 1400 | VNRDs (100%) | NR | 26 (1.85%) | NR |
| Raza et al31 | 16,660 | NR | 278 (1.67%) | 318 (1.91%) | NR |
| Awan et al32 | 30,470 | NR | 322 (1.06%)d 10 (0.03%)e |
392 (1.29%)d 3 (0.01%)e |
5 (0.02%) |
| Naz et al33 | 14,652 | RDs (95%) VNRDs (5%) |
NR | 229 (1.563%)d 138 (0.94%)e |
NR |
| Abdullah et al34 | 76,530 | NR | 1262 (1.65%) | NR | NR |
| Rauf et al35 | 6594 | VNRDs (1.12%) | 74 (1.12%) | 214 (3.24%) | 15 (0.22%) |
| Masood et al36 | 8517 | NR | 200 (2.5%) | NR | NR |
| Total frequency | 16,203/791,356 = 2.04%f | 17,660/723,497 = 2.44%f |
Notes: aTypes of donors were considered not reported if they did not characterize patients into replacement donors, paid donors, or voluntary non-remunerated donors. bRoutine lab test. cELISA. dSerology. eNAAT. fTotal frequency of a single TTI was calculated based on the total number of donors positive for a particular TTI such as HBV or HCV divided by the total number of donors screened for that TTI multiplied by 100.
Abbreviations: ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; KPK, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; NAAT, nucleic acid amplification test; RD, replacement donors; NR, not reported; VNRDs, voluntary non-remunerated donors.