Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Population
| Age, years | 74.5 ± 6.2 (70.0–78.8) |
| Male sex, N (%) | 69 (42.1) |
| Duration of type 2 diabetes, years | 16.0 ± 13.1 (8.1–21.9) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.2 ± 3.5 (23.0–27.0) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 129.3 ± 16.4 (119.0–140.0) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 69.2 ± 10.6 (61.0–77.0) |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dl | 147.8 ± 46.6 (117.0–163.0) |
| HbA1c, % | 7.9 ±1.3 (7.1–8.5) |
| Postprandial blood glucose, mg/dl | 225.8 ± 78.1 (167.0–276.3) |
| BUN, mg/dl | 22.2 ± 14.2 (14.0–26.3) |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.3 ± 1.1 (0.8–1.4) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 60.7 ± 25.0 (40.9–84.0) |
| CKD stage 1, N (%) | 23 (14.0) |
| CKD stage 2, N (%) | 58 (35.4) |
| CKD stage 3, N (%) | 29 (17.7) |
| CKD stage 4, N (%) | 36 (22.0) |
| CKD stage 5, N (%) | 18 (11.0) |
| Albumin, mg/dL | 4.2 ± 0.4 (3.9–4.4) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 153.8 ± 36.7 (128.0–178.0) |
| Triglyceride, mg/dl | 143.4 ± 72.6 (89.3–180.9) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 44.0 ± 14.1 (35.6–50.0) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 83.7 ± 29.6 (105.9–84.0) |
| AST, IU/L | 25.3 ± 11.5 (18.0–29.0) |
| ALT, IU/L | 23.6 ± 15.5 (14.0–27.0) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 115 (70.1) |
| Cardiovascular disease, N (%) | 102 (62.2) |
| Medications, N (%) | |
| Metformin | 99 (60.4) |
| SU | 79 (48.2) |
| TZD | 10 (6.1) |
| Insulin | 48 (29.3) |
| Lipid lowering agents | 110 (67.1) |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB | 72 (43.9) |
| CCB | 56 (34.1) |
| Diuretics | 43 (26.2) |
Note: Data are presented as N (%) or mean ± SD (interquartile range).
Abbreviations: HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transferase; SU, sulfonylurea; TZD, thiazolidinedione; ACE inhibitor, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker.