Table 1.

Table of measures used

Scale/Assessment	Characteristics	Cronbach’s Alpha and scores
Primary outcomes
Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale21 Desired change ↓	16-items with 4 subscales assessing physical and verbal victimization, social exclusion, and damage to property in the last 4 weeks. Response options: never; once; few times; many times. Typical item: ‘How often within the past 4 weeks has another child done these things to you?.tripped me to make me fall’.	Peer victimization overall = 0.873 Physical = 0.673 Verbal = 0.642 Social exclusion = 0.696 Property damage = 0.658 Range 0–48
Peer Perpetration Scale21 Desired change ↓	16-item measure asking about perpetration of the acts measured in the victimistaion scale with the same response options and range. Typical item: ‘How often within the past 4 weeks have you … called another child bad names’.	Peer perpetration overall =.890 Physical = 0.733 Verbal = 0.696 Social exclusion = 0.723 Property damage = 0.716
Children’s Depression Inventory 2 (CDI-2) 23 Desired change ↓	28-item to assess depressive symptoms in last 2 weeks. Response options: no symptom; mild; definite symptom.	Alpha = 0.725 Raw scores converted to T scores (range 40–90) with ≥65 indicative of depression
Secondary outcomes
Corporal Punishment at School Desired change ↓	6-items on the frequency of punishment by a teacher in the last 4 weeks, i.e., slapped, hit or beaten, made to run, kneel or stand. Response options: never, once, 2–3, or 4+ times) Typical item: ‘How often within the past 4 weeks ….Did a teacher twist your ear?’	Alpha = 0.758 Range 0–24
Parents Fighting Desired change ↓	One item on the father fighting and two on witnessing violence against their mother. Typical item: How often within the past 4 weeks …. ‘Have you seen or heard that your father had a physical fight with another man?’	These items were not a subscale and so an alpha was not calculated.
Child Gender Attitudes Desired change ↓	13-items on agreement with gender attitudes, roles and norms, such as wives obeying husbands, husbands right to punish wives, and limits to women’s participation in social events and employment. Typical item: ‘I think the wives in the family should have a say in how money in their family is spent’	Alpha = 0.738 Range 0–39
Child physical punishment at home Desired change ↓	2-items to assess frequency (i.e., never, once, 2–3 times, 4 or more times) and severity of punishment at home in the last 4 weeks. Typical item: In the past 4 weeks have you been beaten so hard at home that you were injured?	Due to only 2-items, coefficient alpha not determined.
Early Marriage Desired change ↓	2-items ‘Have you been promised in marriage to someone?’ and ‘Has your family started other preparations for your marriage?’ with yes/no responses	Not applicable
Child school performance and absence from school Desired performance change ↑ Desired change in absence ↓	4-items on self-assessed academic performance. A typical item is: “How are you doing at school [in reading and writing/Pakistan studies/maths/science]? Response options: failing, below average, average, above average. Also the number of days absent from school in the last 4 weeks and reasons for absences	Alpha = 0.642, for the four academic performance items.
Parental literacy	2 items scored: can your [mother/father] read and write? Responses: no/she reads only/she reads and writes.	Range 0–4
Going without food	2 items scored ”In the last 4 weeks, how often do you go to [school without breakfast/sleep without dinner] because of lack of food at home?” (response options: never, sometimes, every week and all or most days).	Coded as ‘never’ = no to both items, ‘sometimes’ = sometimes to one or both, ‘often’ any response of ‘every week’ or ‘most days’