Table I.
Overview of PTX-AuNPs.
| Study (Author, year) | Type of AuNP | Size, nm | Advantages | Targets | (Refs.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ding et al, 2013 | GNPs with thiol capping | – | Prolonged circulation, stability across pH levels | T47D cells | (70) |
| Banstola et al, 2019 | GNPs-pD-PTX-PLGA-Ms | 19.50±4.00 | PTT | Panc-1 cells | (37) |
| Bao et al, 2014 | PTX-PEG400@GNPs in liposomes | 281.10±5.40 | Prolonged circulation, targeted delivery (hepatocellular | Sprague-Dawley | (69) |
| carcinoma) | rats, ICR mice | ||||
| Gibson et al, 2007 | PTX-PEG@GNP | 155.00±24.20 | Prolonged circulation, targeted intracellular release, improved tumor cell killing | HepG2 cells, ICR mice | (71) |
| Zhu et al, 2019 | TL-PC-HDL-PTX | – | Improved drug release kinetics, enhanced long-term | A-549, PC-9 and | (82) |
| release | NCI-H358 cells | ||||
| Farboudi et al, 2019 | PTX-PNIPAAm-grafted-chitosan-GNPs | – | Improved dose precision, targeted delivery | T47D cells | (75) |
| Gupta et al 2012 | MS-HAuNS-PTX | 30.00–50.00 | Increased plasma PTX levels and tumor necrosis | VX2 tumor | (81) |
| apoptotic index; PTT | -bearing rabbits | ||||
| Heo et al, 2012 | AuNPs-PTX-β-CD-biotin | – | Enhanced PTX efficiency | HeLa, A549 and | (76) |
| MG63 cells | |||||
| Liaskoni et al, 2018 | B33-AuMOA-FA-PTX | 174.56±37.59 | Enhanced permeability and retention, accelerated release | A549 cells | (78) |
| at acidic pH resembling tumor microenvironment and | |||||
| acidic intracellular compartments, induced apoptosis | |||||
| Manivasagan et al, 2016 | PTX-COS AuNPs | 61.86±3.01 | Sustained and pH-dependent drug release, potent | MDA-MB-231 | (79) |
| cytotoxicity | |||||
| Paciotti et al, 2016 | AuNPs-TNFα-PEG-Thiol-PTX analogs | ~27.00 | Targeted solid tumor, induced vascular leakage, prolonged release, enhanced potency | – | (77) |
| Pandey et al, 2017 | AuNP-MSNPs-PTX | ~200.00 | Biocatalytic activity and robust framework for PTX | – | (84) |
| loading | |||||
| Peralta et al, 2015 | PAC-AuNR-HSAPs | 299.00±6.00 | Increased loading efficiency and cell death with | 4T1 cells | (80) |
| irradiation | |||||
| Vemuri et al, 2019 | AuNPs-Pacli | ~87.60 | Inhibited cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, colony formation and spheroid formation | MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 | (72) |
| cells | |||||
| Wang et al, 2019 | PTX-PP@AuNPs | 147.00±1.16 | Controlled drug release, blocked TRPV6 cation channel, enhanced cell cycle arrest, elevated temperature and generated ROS | PC3 ×enograft tumor mice | (85) |
| Yahyaei and Pourali, 2019 | PLGA-GNP-PTX | – | Combined imaging and therapy in a single procedure | MCF7 cells | (86) |
| Wu et al, 2016 | GNR@HPMOs-PTX@MSCs | ~227.00 | High PTX loading capability, PTT, improved dispersion and distribution in tumor tissue | MCF-7 cells | (87) |
| You et al, 2013 | HAuNPs-PTX into glycolipid-like | – | Increased drug delivery and toxicity to tumor cells, rapid | SKOV3 and A549 | (88) |
| polymer micelles with NIR- EphB4 | and repetitive drug release, PTT | cells | |||
| Zhong et al, 2016 | PTX-PAnP-FA | ~184.70 | Rapid drug release, targeted FA receptor over-expressed | HeLa cells | (74) |
| cells, combined drug release, imaging and PTT | |||||
| Zhu et al, 2019 | PTX-TSL-siCOX-2(9R/DG-GNS) | – | Increased apoptosis at elevated temperatures, inhibited | HUVECs and | (82) |
| drug resistance | PTX-resistant | ||||
| HepG2 cells | |||||
| Li et al, 2016 | f-PGNPs | 27.00±5.30 | Potent cytotoxicity in drug-resistant cancer cells | Pgp-H460PTX and | (73) |
| H460 cells |
PTX, PAC or pacli, paclitaxel; AuNP, gold nanoparticle; PLGA, polylactic-co-glycolic acid; PTT, photothermal therapy; pD, Polydopamine; GNP, gold nanoparticles; Ms, microsphere; HAuNS, hollow gold nanospheres; AuMOA, gold nanoparticles functionalized with mercaptooctanoic acid; FA, folic acid; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α; MSC, Mesenchymal stem cells; NIR, near-infrared; siRNA, small interfering RNA; f, fluorescent labeled; TRPV6, Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 6; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PEG, polyethylene glycol; β-CD, β-Cyclodextrin; COS, chitosan oligosaccharide; MSNPs, mesoporous silica nanoparticles; HDL, high density lipoprotein; -, not applicable.