Table 4.
Frequency of hand cleansing during structured observations, among mothers and other household members, by treatment arm
| Mothers | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 observation | Week 3 observation | |||||||
| Control (n = 107) | Intervention (n = 105) | RR (95% CI) | P-value | Control (n = 117) | Intervention (n = 118) | RR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| (P-value) | (P-value) | |||||||
| Handwashing with water ≥ one time, n (%) | 75 (70) | 60 (57) | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) | 0.05 | 80 (68) | 71 (60) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 0.19 |
| Mean number of times (SD) | 1.6 (1.5) | 1.2 (1.3) | −0.4 (−0.8, −0.04) | 0.03 | 1.4 (1.2) | 1.3 (1.4) | −0.02 (−0.3, 0.3) | 0.9 |
| Handwashing with chlorhexidine ≥ one time (SD) | 0 (0) | 67 (64) | – | < 0.0001 | 0 (0) | 80 (68) | – | < 0.0001 |
| Mean number of times (SD) | 0 (0) | 1.4 (1.5) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.7) | < 0.0001 | 0 (0) | 1.4 (1.4) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Handwashing with soap ≥ one time (SD) | 32 (30) | 25 (24) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | 0.3 | 38 (32) | 34 (29) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 0.5 |
| Mean number of times (SD) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.3 (0.7) | −0.02 (−0.2, 0.2) | 0.8 | 0.5 (0.8) | 0.5 (1.0) | 0.005 (−0.2, 0.2) | 0.9 |
| Handwashing with soap or chlorhexidine ≥ one time (SD) | 32 (30) | 73 (70) | 2.3 (1.7, 3.2) | < 0.0001 | 38 (32) | 92 (78) | 2.4 (1.8, 3.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Mean number of times (SD) | 0.3 (0.5) | 1.7 (1.7) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.7) | < 0.0001 | 0.5 (0.8) | 1.9 (1.7) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.7) | < 0.0001 |
| All other household members (non-mothers) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 observation | Week 3 observation | |||||||
| Control (n = 105) | Intervention (n = 105) | RR/β (95% CI) | P-value | Control (n = 114) | Intervention (n = 117) | RR/β (95% CI) | P-value | |
| (P-value) | (P-value) | |||||||
| Handwashing with water ≥ one time, n (%) | 89 (85) | 87 (83) | 0.98 (0.9, 1.1) | 0.71 | 89 (78) | 95 (81) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 0.56 |
| Mean number of times (SD) | 3.8 (3.6) | 3.6 (3.7) | −0.2 (−1.2, 0.8) | 0.67 | 3.5 (4.2) | 3.0 (2.8) | −0.5 (−1.4, 0.5) | 0.32 |
| Handwashing with chlorhexidine ≥ one time (SD) | 0 (0) | 53 (50) | – | < 0.0001 | 0 (0) | 43 (37) | – | < 0.0001 |
| Mean number of times (SD) | 0 (0) | 0.9 (0.9) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | < 0.0001 | 0 (0) | 0.46 (0.7) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Handwashing with soap ≥ one time (SD) | 26 (25) | 23 (22) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.4) | 0.62 | 23 (20) | 24 (21) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.7) | 0.95 |
| Mean number of times (SD) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.3 (0.8) | −0.03 (−0.2, 0.2) | 0.78 | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.2 (0.5) | −0.1 (−0.2, 0.1) | 0.37 |
| Handwashing with soap or chlorhexidine ≥ one time (SD) | 26 (25) | 63 (60) | 2.4 (1.7, 3.5) | < 0.0001 | 23 (20) | 58 (50) | 2.5 (1.6, 3.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Mean number of times (SD) | 0.33 (0.7) | 1.2 (1.5) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | < 0.0001 | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.7 (0.8) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.6) | 0.0001 |