Table 2.
Demographic, TB exposure, and social characteristics of study population and relationship to TB infection, Bohol, the Philippines13
| Variable* | Total (n = 5,476), n (%) | TST positive (n = 355), n (%) | TST negative (n = 5,121), n (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI)† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 2,862 (52) | 179 (50) | 2,684 (52) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| Age (1-year increments) | – | – | – | 1.1 (1.1–1.1)*** |
| Age, 5 years or older | 3,294 (60) | 251 (71) | 3,043 (59) | 1.7 (1.3–2.1)*** |
| Known TB contact | 658 (12) | 135 (38) | 523 (10) | 5.4 (4.3–6.8)*** |
| Relationship to TB contact (mother or another primary caregiver) | 214 (4) | 58 (16) | 156 (3) | 6.2 (4.5–8.6)*** |
| Proximity to TB contact (lives in the same household) | 327 (6) | 77 (22) | 250 (5) | 5.4 (4.1–7.2)*** |
| Average time spent with the contact daily (8 or more hours) | 292 (5) | 70 (20) | 222 (4) | 5.4 (4.1–7.3)*** |
| TB contact’s length of symptoms (12 weeks or more) | 310 (6) | 57 (16) | 253 (5) | 3.7 (2.7–5.0)*** |
| TB contact with smear-positive sputum | 597 (11) | 116 (33) | 481 (9) | 4.7 (3.7–6.0)*** |
| Child displaced to shelter or camp following earthquake | 1,959 (36) | 113 (32) | 1,846 (36) | 0.8 (0.6–0.96) ** |
| Displacement setting contained more than 25 people | 1,081 (20) | 72 (20) | 1,009 (20) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) |
| Child lives in a high-burden municipality | 2,590 (47) | 234 (66) | 2,356 (46) | 2.3 (1.8–2.9)*** |
| Six or more people in the child’s house | 2,586 (47) | 193 (193) | 2,393 (47) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7)** |
| Child lives with at least one smoker | 3,049 (56) | 208 (59) | 2,841 (55) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4)* |
| Child’s household uses wood for cooking fuel | 5,132 (94) | 332 (94) | 4,800 (94) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) |
| Child lives on an island | 375 (7) | 48 (14) | 327 (6) | 2.3 (1.7–3.9)*** |
TB = tuberculosis; TST = tuberculin skin test.
*
For explanation on levels of regression (i.e., exposure group and referent group), see Table 1.
†
P-values identified by the following: ***P-value < 0.001; **P-value < 0.05; *P-value < 0.25.