Figure 2.

Mtp alleviates the inflammatory response of HUVECs. HUVECs were pretreated with 100 µM Mtp for 24 h, followed by incubation with 100 µM H₂O₂ for 12 h. The levels of secreted proinflammatory cytokines (A) IL-6, (B) TNF-α and (C) MCP-1 were determined by performing ELISAs. (D) The protein expression levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were measured via western blotting. (E) The mRNA expression levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. ***P<0.001 vs. control; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01 and ^###P<0.001 vs. H₂O₂. Mtp, monotropein; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; ICAM-1, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1.