Table 3.

List of promising disease entities

Clinical scope, disease entity	Medical effect score	Risk of bias	Study reference	Study design	Study duration	Patient sample size	Medical score consensus justification
Blood glucose management (n = 14)	3	Low	23	2	26 months	891	Negative: increase of hypoglycemic events due to insulin overdose. 1: No significant patient outcome effect. Mean glucose values might have been changed, but patient proportion within glucose target range barely changed. 3: Increase of patient proportion within blood glucose target range. 4: Reduction of severe hypoglycemia (<40 mg/dl) or severe hyperglycemia (>200 mg/dl).
	1	Low	24	1	72 hours	20
	3	High	25	1	9 hours	40
	3	Medium	26	3	1.5 years	438
	3	Low	27	1	1 month	128
	3	Low	28	1	72 hours	18
	4	Medium	29	2	1 year	1373
	3	Medium	30	2	11 months	667
	3	Low	31	1	9 months	300
	1	Low	32	2	7 years	2040
	3	Low	33	2	1.5 years	197
	Neg.	Low	34	1	2 years	2648
	1	Medium	35	2	12 months	3189
	4	Low	36	2	4 years	22 990
Blood transfusion management (n = 5)	1	High	37	3	2 years	2200	1: No significant patient outcome effect. 2: Slight but significant reduction of sickle hemoglobin percentage. 3: Reduction of surgical wound infections. 5: Hospital mortality or 30-day mortality was reduced.
	2	High	38	3	9 years	28
	5	Low	39	2	6 years	14 150
	3	Medium	40	2	2 years	1509
	5	Low	41	3	2 years	12 590
Physiologic deterioration prevention, physiologic surveillance (n = 4)	3	High	42	2	Unknown	74	3: Increase of patient time being in MAP target range. But average MAP value increase was low to moderate.42 Reduction of critical events during spinal analgesia in orthopedic surgery. However, exposure to critical events was short term.43 5: Hospital mortality was reduced.
	3	Medium	43	1	2 years	150
	5	Medium	44	2	3 months	12 881
	5	Medium	45	3	2 years	50 000
Pressure ulcer prevention (n = 2)	3	Low	46	2	1 year	1214	3: Incidence of pressure ulcers was reduced.
	3	Low	47	2	2 years	18 483
Nephrotoxic agents and acute kidney injury prevention (n = 2)	4	Medium	48	2	1 year	463	4: Reduction in the rate of contrast-induced acute kidney injury48 or preventable adverse events for patient with renal impairment.49
	4	Medium	49	2	5.5 years	1590
VTE prophylaxis (n = 15)	4	Low	50	1	4 years	2506	1: No significant patient outcome effect. 3: Reduction of VTE as deep vein thrombosis. Adverse reactions as hemorrhages were not significantly increased. 4: Same as 3. Additionally, the number of pulmonary embolisms was reduced.
	4	Low	51	2	2 years	12 000
	1	Medium	52	1	90 days	2506
	4	Medium	53	2	2 years	38 647
	1	Medium	54	2	1 year	800
	3	Medium	55	2	3 years	3285
	3	Medium	56	3	3 years	1599
	4	Medium	57	3	3 years	223 062
	4	Low	21	2	2 years	5238
	4	Medium	58	3	2 months	1942
	1	Medium	59	1	13 weeks	15 736
	1	Medium	60	3	2 years	7278
	4	Medium	61	2	5 years	45 046
	4	Medium	62	2	1 year	812
	3	Medium	63	3	10 years	2591

Refer to Supplementary Table S1 for full details of study design and study outcome characteristics.

Study design: 1 = randomized controlled trial, 2 = nonrandomized with 1 prospective study arm, 3 = nonrandomized, purely retrospective.

MEC = medical effect score; VTE = venous thromboembolism; MAP = mean arterial pressure.