. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 16.

Published in final edited form as: Radiat Res. 2020 Sep 16;194(3):259–276. doi: 10.1667/RR15571.1

TABLE 6.

Comparison of Risk Estimates for Mortality due to Solid Cancers and to Leukemia Derived in this Report with Those from Various Other Studies

Cancer ^type	Ref(s).	Population	Test dose, D_t (Gy)	Excess cancer deaths Gy⁻¹ (×100)	Radiation-induced cancer deaths Gy⁻¹ (×100)	Years life lost Gy⁻¹	Years life lost/radiation-induced cancer death
Solid	Current study	UK	0.1	3.21 (0.97–5.79)^a,d	3.88 (1.17–6.97)^a,d	0.55 (0.17–0.96)^a,d	14.28 (12.63–16.15)^a,d
		UK	1.0	5.44 (3.96–7.01)^a,d	6.59 (4.82–8.46)^a,d	0.96 (0.76–1.18)^a,d	14.69 (13.18–16.51)^a,d
	(25, 2)	UK	0.1	4.53 (2.54–6.65)^a,b	5.45 (3.06–7.99)^a,b	0.76 (0.44–1.09)^a,b	14.0 (12.7–15.5)^a,b
		UK	1.0	5.52 (4.38–6.72)^a,b	6.66 (5.29–8.09)^a,b	0.95 (0.78–1.12)^a,b	14.3 (13.1–15.8)^a,b
	(23)^c	UK	0.001	10.18 (7.99–12.65)^d	12.10 (9.46–15.05)^d	1.53 (1.20–1.91)^d	12.6 (12.2–13.0)^d
		UK	1.0	8.67 (7.06–10.36)^d	10.36 (8.41–12.42)^d	1.38 (1.11–1.68)^d	13.3 (12.8–13.9)^d
	(34)	USA	0.1	6.95 (5.45–9.34)^b	–	–	–
	(3)	USA	0.1	–	4.8 (2.4–9.8)^d,e,j	–	–
	(66)	UK	1.0	–	8.95^f, 12.07^g	–	–
	(67)	Japanese	0.2	–	12.0^h, 8.0ⁱ	1.34^h, 1.09ⁱ	11.2^h, 13.6ⁱ
		Japanese	1.0	–	10.9^h, 7.5ⁱ	1.26^h, 1.00ⁱ	11.6^h, 13.3ⁱ
	(47)	Japanese	1.0	7.6^j,k, 4.9^j,l	11.2^k, 7.4^l	1.05^j,k, 0.79^j,l	11.1^j,k, 12.8^j,l
		USA	1.0	–	12.5^k,c, 9.9^k,m, 9.3^l,c, 6.5^l,m	–	–
		UK	1.0	–	14.4^k,c, 12.6^k,m, 10.1^l,c, 7.9^l,m	–	–
	(48)	EU/USA	1.0	–	9.29	–	–
	(68)	UK	0.001	–	6.93–13.79ⁿ	1.04–1.71ⁿ	12.4–15.0ⁿ
Leukemia	Current study	UK	0.1	0.35 (−0.03–0.77)^a,d	0.35 (−0.03–0.78)^a,d	0.07 (0.00–0.22)^a,d	18.81 (12.50–38.13)^a,d
		UK	1.0	1.13 (0.75–1.56)^a,d	1.14 (0.75–1.56)^a,d	0.21 (0.13–0.47)^a,d	18.84 (12.55–37.65)^a,d
	(25, 2)	UK	0.1	0.50 (0.11–0.97)^a,b	0.50 (0.11–0.97)^a,b	0.12 (0.02–0.25)^a,b	22.4 (15.2–36.0)^a,b
		UK	1.0	1.02 (0.70–1.41)^a,b	1.02 (0.70–1.42)^a,b	0.23 (0.14–0.41)^a,b	22.4 (15.2–35.8)^a,b
	(23)^c	UK	0.001	0.84 (0.02–2.04)^d	0.84 (0.02–2.04)^d	0.19 (0.00–0.53)^d	22.3 (16.4–32.2)^d
		UK	1.0	1.93 (1.14–3.37)^d	1.93 (1.14–3.38)^d	0.44 (0.22–0.94)^d	22.5 (16.5–32.7)^d
	(34)	USA	0.1	0.95 (0.56–1.96)^b	–	–	–
	(3)	USA	0.1	–	0.69 (0.22–2.20)^d,e,j	–	–
	(66)	UK	1.0	–	0.75^f, 0.83^g	–	–
	(67)	Japanese	0.2	–	0.70	0.22	31
		Japanese	1.0	–	1.1	0.34	31
	(47)	Japanese	1.0	1.0^j	0.92	0.3 ^j	30.6^j
		USA	1.0	–	1.19	–	–
		UK	1.0	–	0.95	–	–
	(48)	EU/USA	1.0	–	0.91 (0.03–2.33)^b	–	–

Based on Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo fit (ERR linear-quadratic fit).

90% CI/BCI.

Model with multiplicative transport of rate, as described in Section IV.B.1 of Annex I of UNSCEAR (47).

95% CI/BCI.

Combined 95% subjective uncertainty interval based on weighted EAR and ERR model, taking account of the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF).

NIH projection model.

Multiplicative projection model.

Constant relative rate.

ⁱ

Constant relative rate for first 45 years after exposure, risk declining to 0 at attained age 90.

Males only.

Model with excess relative rate (ERR) declining as an exponential function of age at exposure, as described in Section IV.B.1 of Annex I of UNSCEAR (47).

Model with ERR declining as a power of attained age, as described in Section IV.B.1 of Annex I of UNSCEAR (47).

Model with additive transport of rate, as described in Section IV.B.1 of Annex I of UNSCEAR (47).

ⁿ

Range of risks for models with: (a) power adjustment to ERR for age and time since exposure; (b) exponential adjustment to ERR for age; (c) exponential adjustment to ERR for age at exposure, and for years since exposure for those with age at exposure <15; and 4. Exponential adjustment to ERR for age at exposure.