Table 2.

Summary of articles related to documentation/cost and productivity analysis (n = 48)

Subtopic	Measure	Medical Domain	Articles	Summary of Findings
Documentation time (n = 20)	Mean document creation time	Radiology	Vorbeck et al (2000)13	5 studies11,13,18,21,23 reported decreases in mean documentation time after SR adoption, ranging from 19%13 to 92%21; 4 studies10,22,24,29 recorded increases, ranging from 13.4%22 to 50%24, and 3 studies26–28 reported no statistically significant difference
			Rana et al (2005)18
			Bhan et al (2008)22
			Pezzullo et al (2008)24
			Hawkins et al (2012)26
			Hanna et al (2016)28
			Segrelles et al (2017)29
		Anesthesiology	Alapetite et al (2008)21
		Dentistry	Feldman and Stevens (1990)10
		Emergency department	dela Cruz et al (2014)27
		Pathology	Klatt (1991)11
		Unspecified	Gonzalez Sanchez et al (2008)23
	Mean dictation and/or correction time	Pediatrics	Borowitz (2001)14	All reported increases after SR adoption, ranging from 13.9%14 to 200%,17 although 119 reported decreases if the SR error rate was ≤ 16%
			Issenman and Jaffer (2004)17
		Multiple	Monnich and Wetter (2000)12
		Otorhinolaryngology	Ilgner et al (2006)19
		Pathology	Al-Aynati and Chorneyko (2003)15
	Hours of secretary work per minute of dictation processed	Multiple	Mohr et al (2003)16	Secretaries were 55.8%–87.3% less productive with SR vs conventional transcription
	Total documentation time	Radiology	Ichikawa et al (2007)20	Decreased by 32.7–71.3% across 4 transcriptionists
	Users’ perceptions of SR impact on document creation time	Psychiatry	Derman et al (2010)25	No perceived benefit with SR vs other methods
Turnaround time (n = 19)	Mean turnaround time	Radiology	Rosenthal et al (1998)30	All reported decreased turnaround times, ranging from 50.3%33 to nearly 100%41
			Chapman et al (2000)31
			Lemme and Morin (2000)32
			Ramaswamy et al (2000)33
			Callaway et al (2002)34
			Langer (2002)35
			Langer (2002)36
			Gopakumar et al (2008)37
			Koivikko et al (2008)38
			Hart et al (2010)39
			Krishnaraj et al (2010)40
			Strahan and Schneider-Kolsky (2010)41
		Pathology	Kang et al (2010)42
			Singh and Pal (2011)43
		Emergency department	Zick and Olsen (2001)44
	Median, 80th percentile, and/or 95th percentile turnaround time	Radiology	Andriole et al (2010)45	All reported decreases, ranging from 50%47 to 95.8%46 (for median turnaround times)
			Prevedello et al (2014)46
		Pathology	Kang et al (2010)42
		Sports medicine	Ahlgrim et al (2016)47
	Minimum turnaround time	Radiology	Pavlicek et al (1999)48	Decreased by 91.7%
Documentation-associated cost(n = 8)	Change in cost over time	Radiology	Rosenthal et al (1998)30	5 studies30,33,34,50,51 overall decreases in documentation-associated costs following SR introduction; 217,24 reported increases; the remaining study49 involved the development of an econometric model for estimating the impact of SR and transcription on cost
			Ramaswamy et al (2000)33
			Callaway et al (2002)34
			Reinus (2007)49
			Pezzullo et al (2008)24
		Orthopedics	Corces et al (2004)50
		Pathology	Henricks et al (2002)51
		Pediatrics	Issenman and Jaffer (2004)17
Other(n = 7)	Reports completed per time period	Radiology	Strahan and Schneider-Kolsky (2010)41	Ranged from a 41% increase52 to a 35% decrease41
			Williams et al (2013)52
	Report availability	Radiology	Hayt and Alexander (2001)53	Percentage of reports available within 12 h of dictation increased from 3% to 42%
	Mean characters per minute	Multiple	Vogel et al (2015)54	Increased from 173 to 217 with SR vs with typing
	Mean length of stay	Emergency department	Lo et al (2015)55	Temporarily increased by 9.3%, then settled to a new baseline of 4.3% longer
	Mean report length	Radiology	Kauppinen et al (2013)56	433 characters and 11 character corrections per report for new SR users vs 298 and 6 character corrections characters per report for experienced users
	Mean task completion time	Emergency department	Hodgson et al (2017)57	18.11% slower with SR vs keyboard and mouse; 16.95% slower for simple tasks, 18.40% slower for complex tasks

^SR: speech recognition.