Appendix 1—table 1. Selected studies for qualitative analysis.

Study	MRI measure(s)	Histology/microscopy measure	Tissue	Condition	Focus
Schmierer et al., 2004	T1, MTR	Histology - LFB	Human	Multiple sclerosis	Brain
Odrobina et al., 2005	T1, T2, T2int, MWF, M0m, MTR	Microscopy - Myelin fraction	Animal - Rat	Demyelination - Tellurium	PN
Pun et al., 2005	T1, T2int, MWF	Microscopy - Myelin fraction	Animal - Rat	Demyelination - Tellurium	PN
Laule et al., 2006	MWF	Histology - LFB	Human	Multiple sclerosis	Brain
Schmierer et al., 2007a	T1, MTR, MPF, T2m	Histology - LFB	Human	Multiple sclerosis	Brain
Schmierer et al., 2007b	FA, MD	Histology - LFB	Human	Multiple sclerosis	Brain
Jito et al., 2008	FA	Microscopy - Myelin sheath area	Animal - Mouse	Healthy	Brain
Kozlowski et al., 2008	MWF, FA, AD, RD, MD	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Animal - Rat	Injury - Dorsal columnar transection	SC
Laule et al., 2008	MWF	Histology - LFB	Human	Multiple sclerosis	Brain
Schmierer et al., 2008	T1, T2, MTR, MPF, MD, FA, AD, RD	Histology - LFB	Human	Multiple sclerosis	Brain
Wu et al., 2008	T2	Histology - LFB	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Cuprizone	Brain
Zaaraoui et al., 2008	MTR	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Cuprizone	Brain
Takagi et al., 2009	FA, AD	EM - Myelin thickness	Animal - Rat	Degeneration - Contusive injury	PN
Wang et al., 2009	FA, RD	Histology - LFB	Animal - Rat	Ischemia - Induced hypoxia	Brain
Zhang et al., 2009	RD	Histology - LFB	Animal - Rat	Injury - Dorsal columnar transection	SC
Schmierer et al., 2010	MTR, T2	Histology - LFB	Human	Multiple sclerosis	Brain
Fatemi et al., 2011	MTR	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Animal - Mouse	Ischemia - Induced hypoxia	Brain
Laule et al., 2011	MWF	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Human	Multiple sclerosis	Brain
Underhill et al., 2011	MPF	Histology - LFB	Animal - Mouse	Healthy	Brain
Chandran et al., 2012	FA, RD	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Cuprizone	Brain
Tardif et al., 2012	T1, T2, MTR, PD	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Human	Multiple sclerosis	Brain
Fjær et al., 2013	MTR	Immunohistochemistry - PLP	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Cuprizone	Brain
Harkins et al., 2013	MWF, MPF	Microscopy - Myelin fraction	Animal - Rat	Edema - Hexaclorophene	SC
Janve et al., 2013	MPF, R1a, k_ba, FA, RD, MD, AD	Histology - LFB	Animal - Rat	Demyelination - Lipopolysaccharide	Brain
Thiessen et al., 2013	MPF, R1f, k_fm, k_mf, T2f, T2m, MD, RD, AD, FA, T1, T2	EM - Myelin thickness	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Cuprizone	Brain
Kozlowski et al., 2014	MWF	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Animal - Rat	Injury - Dorsal columnar transection	SC
Wang et al., 2014	RD, RD-DBSI	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Autoimmune encephalomyelitis	SC
Fjær et al., 2015	MTR	Immunohistochemistry - PLP	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Autoimmune encephalomyelitis	Brain
Seehaus et al., 2015	FA, RD, MD	Histology - Silver	Human	Healthy	Brain
Turati et al., 2015	MPF	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Cuprizone	Brain
Wang et al., 2015	RD-DBSI	Histology - LFB	Human	Multiple sclerosis	SC
Aojula et al., 2016	FA, AD, RD, MD	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Animal - Rat	Hydrocephalus	Brain
Hakkarainen et al., 2016	T1, T2, MTR, T1p, T2p, RAFF	Histology - Gold chloride	Animal - Rat	Healthy	Brain
Jelescu et al., 2016	RD, RK, AWF, Rde, T2, MTR	EM - Myelin fraction	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Cuprizone	Brain
Kelm et al., 2016	MD, RD, MK, RK, AWF	EM - Myelin fraction	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Knockout	Brain
Reeves et al., 2016	T1, T2	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Human	Epilepsy	Brain
Tu et al., 2016	FA, AD, RD, MD, MTR	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Animal - Rat	Traumatic brain injury	Brain
Chang et al., 2017	FA, AD, RD, MD	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Animal - Mouse	Healthy	Brain
Chen et al., 2017	MWF	EM - Myelin fraction	Animal - Rat	Injury - Dorsal columnar transection	SC
Khodanovich et al., 2017	MPF	Histology - LFB	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Cuprizone	Brain
Lehto et al., 2017a	RAFF, MTR, T1sat, FA, MD, AD, RD	Histology - Gold chloride	Animal - Rat	Demyelination - Lipopolysaccharide	Brain
Lehto et al., 2017b	MTR	Histology - Gold chloride	Animal - Rat	Traumatic brain injury	Brain
van Tilborg et al., 2018	FA	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Animal - Rat	White matter injury	Brain
Beckmann et al., 2018	MTR	Histology - LFB	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Cuprizone	Brain
Berman et al., 2018	MTV	EM - Myelin fraction	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Knockout	Brain
Hametner et al., 2018	R2*, T1, QSM	Histology - LFB	Human	Vascular diseases	Brain
Praet et al., 2018	MK, RK, AK, FA, MD, RD, AD	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Animal - Mouse	Amyloidosis	Brain
Wendel et al., 2018	FA, AD, RD, MD	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Animal - Mouse	Traumatic brain injury	Brain
West et al., 2018	MPF, MWF, MVF-T2, MVF-MT	EM - Myelin fraction	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Knockout	Brain
Yano et al., 2018	FA, RD, MD	Immunohistochemistry - PLP	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Cuprizone	Brain
Abe et al., 2019	FA, RD, AD	Microscopy - Myelin thickness	Animal - Mouse	Optogenetic stimulation	Brain
Duhamel et al., 2019	ihMTR, MTR	Microscopy - Fluorescence	Animal - Mouse	Healthy	Brain
Khodanovich et al., 2019	MPF	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Cuprizone	Brain
Mollink et al., 2019	FA	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Human	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	Brain
Peters et al., 2019	FA, MD	Histology - LFB	Human	Tuberous sclerosis complex	Brain
Pol et al., 2019	QSM, FA, MD	Histology - Solochrome	Animal - Mouse	Healthy	Brain
Soustelle et al., 2019	MPF, RD, MWF, rSPF	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Animal - Mouse	Demyelination - Cuprizone	Brain
Guglielmetti et al., 2020	MTR, MTR-UTE	Immunohistochemistry - MBP	Animal - Mouse	Healthy	Brain