Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, clinical, laboratory, and electrocardiographic findings of patients.
| Total (n = 189) | Group I (n = 66) | Group II (n = 66) | Group III (n = 57) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 53 (40–67) | 43 (29–59) | 58 (49–70) | 50 (40–67) | <0,001 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 97 (51%) | 32 (48%) | 32 (48%) | 33 (58%) | 0,494 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 51 (27%) | 11 (17%) | 23 (35%) | 17 (30%) | 0,047 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 38 (20%) | 9 (14%) | 15 (%23) | 14 (%25) | 0,243 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 59 (30%) | 18 (27%) | 23 (35%) | 18 (31%) | 0,640 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 4 (2%) | 1 (0,5%) | 1 (0,5%) | 2 (1%) | 0,683 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 19 (10%) | 5 (3%) | 7 (4%) | 7 (12%) | 0,670 |
| Chronic respiratory disease, n (%) | 14 (7%) | 4 (6%) | 8 (12%) | 2 (3%) | 0,169 |
| Myocardial injury, n (%) | 9 (5%) | 2 (%3) | 5 (%8) | 2 (%3) | 0,396 |
| ≥2 SIRS criteria, n (%) | 57 (30%) | 13 (20%) | 29 (44%) | 15 (26%) | 0,008 |
| Radiographic finding of pneumonia, n(%) | 180 (95%) | 57 (86%) | 66 (100%) | 57 (100%) | <0,001 |
| Length of hospital stay, days | 7 (5–10) | 6 (5–8) | 8 (7–12) | 6 (5–10) | <0,001 |
| Intensive care unit admission, n (%) | 26 (14%) | 2 (3%) | 18 (27%) | 6 (10%) | <0,001 |
| Loop diuretic use, n (%) | 5 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (3%) | 2 (4%) | 0,767 |
| Temperature, °C | 37 (36,7-37,6) | 37 (36,6-37,4) | 37,3 (36,7–38) | 37,1 (36,7-37,6) | 0,042 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 110 (105–120) | 110 (100−120) | 120 (110–126) | 112 (108–120) | 0,023 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 70 (69–79) | 70 (69–77) | 70 (69–77) | 70 (69–80) | 0,590 |
| White blood cell, 103/uL | 6,13 (4,60–8,00) | 6,40 (4,79-8,57) | 6,29 (4,61-8,40) | 5,63 (4,52-7,03) | 0,262 |
| Neutrophil, 103/uL | 4,11 (3,05-5,60) | 3,96 (2,73-5,48) | 4,55 (3,19-6,21) | 3,71 (2,91-5,23) | 0,094 |
| Lymphocyte, 103/uL | 1,31 (0,93-1,76) | 1,48 (1,22−2,01) | 1,1 (0,78-1,51) | 1,30 (0,92-1,73) | <0,001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13,6 (12,7-14,8) | 13,7 (12,6-14,9) | 13,7 (12,8-14,6) | 13,4 (12,6-14,8) | 0,919 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 29 (4–68) | 4,8 (2–25) | 58 (31−102) | 29 (6–53) | <0,001 |
| Pro-calsitonin, ng/mL | 0,07 (0,04-0,11) | 0,04 (0,03-0,06) | 0,09 (0,06-0,19) | 0,08 (0,05-0,11) | <0,001 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 186 (122–328) | 155 (95–258) | 240 (165–484) | 190 (120−312) | <0,001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0,81 (0,71-1,03) | 0,76 (0,67-0,90) | 0,94 (0,76-1,14) | 0,81 (0,71-1,16) | 0,001 |
| Albumin, g/L | 38 (35–42) | 42 (39–46) | 37 (34–39) | 37 (34–40) | <0,001 |
| Total calcium, mg/dL | 8,60 (8,15-8,90) | 8,90 (8,50–8,91) | 8,30 (8,0-8,60) | 8,6 (8–9,05) | <0,001 |
| Corrected calcium, mg/dL | 8,62 (8,36-8,93) | 8,61 (8,39-8,83) | 8,53 (8,25-8,86) | 8,72 (8,49-9,19) | 0,016 |
| Potassium baseline, mmol/L | 4,03 (3,78-4,38) | 4,00 (3,82-4,28) | 4,00 (3,78-4,42) | 4,11 (3,71-4,35) | 0,987 |
| Heart rate baseline, beat/min | 88 (78–98) | 89 (76–100) | 88 (78–98) | 90 (79–98) | 0,773 |
| Heart rate at 3rd day, beat/min | 81 (74–89) | 80 (70–87) | 84 (75–92) | 80 (73–88) | 0,068 |
| QRS duration baseline, ms | 90 (84–100) | 92 (84–100) | 93 (84–100) | 88 (82–96) | 0,074 |
| QRS duration after treatment, ms | 92 (86–102) | 96 (86–104) | 94 (86–103) | 90 (84–100) | 0,365 |
| QT interval baseline, ms | 360 (340–377) | 355 (333–377) | 362 (344–385) | 357 (340–373) | 0,344 |
| QT interval after treatment, ms | 376 (360–400) | 380 (362–402) | 380 (365–394) | 370 (354–392) | 0,260 |
| Delta QT, ms | 20 (4–64) | 23 (10–37) | 16 (3–35) | 17 (2−32) | 0,297 |
| QTc(Bazett) interval baseline, ms | 430 (415–450) | 424 (413–446) | 431 (420–449) | 433 (419–452) | 0,068 |
| QTc(Bazett) interval after treatment, ms | 438 (421–456) | 429 (414–458) | 448 (431–464) | 434 (417–446) | 0,002 |
| Delta QTc(Bazett), ms | 5 (−8–19) | 7 (−9–21) | 12 (1–25) | -3 (−12–7) | <0,001 |
| QTc(Fre) interval baseline, ms | 405 (392–423) | 404 (388–419) | 411 (397–430) | 405 (392–418) | 0,115 |
| QTc(Fre) interval after treatment, ms | 418 (401–431) | 419 (395–431) | 423 (410–440) | 408 (400–425) | 0,011 |
| Delta QTc(Fre), ms | 10 (−4–23) | 10 (−4–22) | 14 (−1–26) | 3 (−7–14) | 0,030 |
Baseline characteristics, clinical, laboratory and electrocardiographic findings of patients Continuous variables are presented given as median (interquartile range) and categorical variables were expressed as number (%). SIRS, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome; Fre, Fredericia.