Table 2.
Comparison of clinical characteristics among patients with high risk of, intermediate risk of, and undetermined risk of coronavirus disease 2019 test
| High risk N = 583 (%) | Intermediate risk N = 781 (%) | Undetermined risk N = 107 (%) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 46.7 ± 24.7 | 40.3 ± 19.3a | 55.2 ± 26.3a,b | <0.001 |
| Source | ||||
| TVGH | 32 (5.5) | 130 (16.6)a | 29 (27.1)a,b | <0.001 |
| OPD | 24 (4.1) | 95 (12.2)a | 22 (20.6)a,b | |
| Ward | 4 (0.7) | 22 (2.8)a | 6 (5.6)a | |
| ED | 2 (0.3) | 5 (0.6) | 1 (0.9) | |
| Other departments | 2 (0.3) | 8 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| TVGH branch | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Other medical clinics | 45 (7.7) | 43 (5.5) | 13 (12.1)b | |
| Veterans home | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Government notify (TCDC of MOHW) | 42 (7.2) | 6 (0.8)a | 1 (0.9)a | |
| Self-visit (home, department, school) | 454 (77.9) | 598 (76.6) | 64 (59.8)a,b | |
| Airport | 4 (0.7) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Others | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Travel | <0.001 | |||
| Asia | 223 (38.3) | 47 (6.0)a | 7 (6.5)a | |
| America | 64 (11.0) | 35 (4.5)a | 0 (0)a | |
| Europe | 30 (5.2) | 19 (2.4)a | 2 (1.9) | |
| Africa | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.4) | 0 (0) | |
| Oceania | 6 (1.0) | 10 (1.3) | 0 (0) | |
| Domestic tourism | 1 (0.2) | 20 (2.6)a | 0 (0) | |
| None | 256 (44.1) | 647 (82.8)a | 98 (91.6)a | |
| Occupation | <0.001 | |||
| Medical personnel in TVGH | 27 (4.6) | 186 (23.8)a | 21 (19.6)a | |
| Medical personnel in other hospital | 12 (2.1) | 42 (5.4)a | 1 (0.9) | |
| Others | 477 (81.8) | 440 (56.3)a | 75 (70.1)a,b | |
| None | 67 (11.5) | 113 (14.5) | 10 (9.3) | |
| Contact | 0.214 | |||
| None | 506 (87.1) | 661 (84.6) | 97 (90.7) | |
| With suspected cases | 63 (10.8) | 107 (13.7) | 10 (9.3) | |
| With confirmed cases | 12 (2.1) | 13 (1.7) | 0 (0) | |
| Cluster | 0.133 | |||
| None | 545 (93.8) | 725 (92.8) | 103 (96.3) | |
| With suspected cases | 26 (4.5) | 50 (6.4) | 4 (3.7) | |
| With confirmed cases | 10 (1.7) | 6 (0.8) | 0 (0) | |
| Symptom | <0.001 | |||
| Fever | 237 (40.7) | 480 (61.5)a | 87 (81.3)a,b | |
| URI | 281 (48.2) | 221 (28.3)a | 16 (15)a,b | |
| GI symptom | 11 (1.9) | 30 (3.8) | 1 (0.9) | |
| Loss of taste or smell | 4 (0.7) | 13 (1.7) | 0 (0) | |
| Others | 33 (5.7) | 27 (3.5) | 3 (2.8) | |
| None | 17 (2.9) | 10 (1.3) | 0 (0) | |
| 2019-nCOV PCR | 0.008 | |||
| Nonscreening | 10 (1.7) | 7 (0.9) | 6 (5.6)a,b | |
| Negative | 572 (98.1) | 773 (99.0) | 101 (94.4)b | |
| Positive | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | |
| Atypical respiratory panel | 0.427 | |||
| Nonscreening | 67 (11.5) | 112 (14.3) | 16 (15) | |
| Negative | 467 (80.1) | 611 (78.2) | 85 (79.4) | |
| Positive | 49 (8.4) | 58 (7.4) | 6 (5.6) | |
| Human metapneumovirus | 19 | 32 | 0 | |
| Enterovirus | 18 | 30 | 0 | |
| Coronavirus | 10 | 11 | 2 | |
| Parainfluenza | 5 | 7 | 2 | |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Adenovirus | 3 | 3 | 1 | |
| Influenza A or B | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
| Bordetella pertussis | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| Diagnose | <0.001 | |||
| Diseases of the respiratory system | 457 (78.4) | 428 (54.8)a | 49 (45.8)a | |
| Fever of unknown origin | 69 (11.8) | 257 (32.9)a | 42 (39.3)a | |
| Diseases of the digestive system | 19 (3.3) | 43 (5.5) | 4 (3.7) | |
| Diseases of the genitourinary system | 4 (0.7) | 16 (2.0) | 1 (0.9) | |
| Neoplasms | 4 (0.7) | 10 (1.3) | 7 (6.5)a,b | |
| Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | 4 (0.7) | 5 (0.6) | 2 (1.9) | |
| Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.9%) | |
| Injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes | 5 (0.9) | 7 (0.9) | 1 (0.9%) | |
| Factors influencing health status and contact with health services | 11 (1.9) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Diseases of the circulatory system | 4 (0.7) | 3 (0.4) | 0 (0) | |
| Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.4) | 0 (0) | |
| Diseases of the nervous system | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | 3 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 7 (0.9) | |
| Disposition | <0.001 | |||
| Discharge | 324 (55.6) | 673 (86.2)a | 41 (38.3)a,b | |
| Admission | 256 (43.9) | 108 (13.8)a | 66 (61.7)a,b | |
| Expired | 3 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Admission to hospital | <0.001 | |||
| ICU | 49 (8.4) | 3 (0.4)a | 8 (7.5)b | |
| General ward | 10 (1.7) | 89 (11.4)a | 51 (47.7)a,b | |
| Isolation ward | 197 (33.8) | 16 (2.0)a | 7 (6.5)a,b | |
Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%). One-way ANOVA followed by Turkey post-hoc test.
ED = emergency department; GI = gastrointestinal; ICU = intensive care unit; MOHW = Ministry of Health and Welfare; OPD = outpatient department; TCDC = Taiwan Centers for Disease Control; TVGH = Taipei Veterans General Hospital; URI = upper respiratory infection.
ap < 0.05 vs reported as a high risk of infection group.
bp < 0.05 vs reported as an intermediate risk of infection group.