Table 5.
Comparison of demographic, biochemical, and echocardiographic characteristics between those who developed AKI and who did not develop AKI at 1 year of follow-up in cirrhotic patients with baseline Cr < 1.5 mg/dL
| Variables | Without AKI (n = 44) | With AKI (n = 17) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 65.32 ± 14.95 | 69.47 ± 9.53 | 0.489 |
| Male | 34 (77.3) | 9 (52.9) | 0.062 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 91.72 ± 13.06 | 85.64 ± 11.9 | 0.113 |
| Laboratory | |||
| Platelet, 1000/µL | 115.55 ± 71.84 | 111.24 ± 56.14 | 0.904 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 132.05 ± 29.46 | 138.35 ± 4.34 | 0.765 |
| Cr, mg/dL | 0.95 ± 0.23 | 0.98 ± 0.20 | 0.546 |
| TB, mg/dL | 1.13 ± 0.62 | 1.60 ± 1.18 | 0.292 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.57 ± 0.64 | 3.36 ± 0.51 | 0.337 |
| INR | 1.14 ± 0.12 | 1.20 ± 0.17 | 0.189 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Diabetes | 15 (34.1) | 8 (47.1) | 0.349 |
| Pulmonary | 6 (13.6) | 2 (11.8) | 0.846 |
| Hypertension | 30 (68.2) | 11 (64.7) | 0.795 |
| Congestive heart failure | 4 (9.1) | 1 (5.9) | 1.000 |
| Coronary artery disease | 12 (27.3) | 3 (17.6) | 0.434 |
| Neurologic | 3 (6.8) | 1 (5.9) | 1.000 |
| Malignancy | 16 (36.4) | 7 (41.2) | 0.728 |
| Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy | 2 (59.1) | 10 (58.8) | 0.985 |
| Presence of ascites | 8 (18.2) | 3 (17.6) | 0.961 |
| ALBI score | -2.23 ± 0.59 | -1.96 ± 0.54 | 0.149 |
| Child-Pugh score | 5.84 ± 1.10 | 6.29 ± 1.31 | 0.178 |
| MELD score | 9.32 ± 2.77 | 11.06 ± 4.09 | 0.051 |
| QTc, ms | 459.14 ± 50.84 | 463.7 ± 39.17 | 0.689 |
| ACEI/ARBs | 17 (38.6) | 4 (23.5) | 0.266 |
| NSBBs | 6 (13.6) | 2 (11.8) | 0.846 |
| Statin | 10 (22.7)) | 1 (5.9) | 0.125 |
| Echocardiographic data | |||
| ESV, mL | 33.48 ± 21.97 | 27.31 ± 9.12 | 0.723 |
| EDV, mL | 3.57 ± 0.64 | 3.36 ± 0.51 | 0.583 |
| LVEF, % | 56.84 ± 13.20 | 58.00 ± 8.91 | 0.778 |
| E, cm/s | 75.83 ± 21.93 | 86.33 ± 27.45 | 0.191 |
| A, cm/s | 78.36 ± 19.00 | 98.32 ± 23.99 | 0.042 |
| Septal e′, cm/s | 6.13 ± 1.59 | 5.89 ± 2.73 | 0.376 |
| Septal E/e′ ratio | 12.37 ± 4.20 | 16.03 ± 8.21 | 0.132 |
| E/A ratio | 1.04 ± 0.46 | 0.72 ± 0.33 | 0.023 |
| RVSP, mmHg | 32.60 ± 14.32 | 41.39 ± 16.59 | 0.065 |
| DT, ms | 230.00 ± 56.39 | 275.00 ± 112.55 | 0.173 |
The data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
A = atrial (late) diastolic filling velocity; ACEI =angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; AKI = acute kidney injury; ALBI = albumin-bilirubin; ARBs = angiotensin II receptor antagonist; Cr = creatinine; DT = early wave deceleration time; E = peak early filling velocity; e′ = early diastolic mitral annular velocity; E/A = ratio of early and late diastolic velocity; E/e′ ratio = ratio of early diastolic velocity to peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity; EDV = end-diastolic volume; ESV = end-systolic volume; INR = international normalized ratio; LVEF = left ventricle ejection fraction; MELD = model for end-stage liver disease; NSBBs = nonselective β-adrenergic blocker; QTc = corrected QT interval; RVSP = right ventricular systolic pressure; SBP = spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; TB = total bilirubin