Table 3. Prevalence of overweight in the weight-for-height indicator (Z > 2) in Colombian children aged between zero and four years per geographic area. Colombia, ENSIN-2015.
| Variable | Urban area (n = 8,735) | Rural area (n = 3,521) | aPRa (95%CI) | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence (95%CI) | p | Prevalence (95%CI) | p | ||||
| Total | 5.7 (4.98–6.52) | 5.5 (4.20–7.12) | 0.672 | 1.3 (0.83–2.01) | 0.244 | ||
| Gender | 0.013 | 0.093 | |||||
| Male | 6.6 (5.52–7.93) | 6.3 (4.64–8.54) | 1.3 (0.82–2.11) | 0.251 | |||
| Female | 4.7 (3.90–5.73) | 4.6 (3.24–6.48) | 1.3 (0.74–2.27) | 0.360 | |||
| Age group (months) | 0.182 | 0.001 | |||||
| 0–11 | 6.2 (4.63–8.32) | 6.7 (4.56–9.80) | 1.2 (0.73–1.99) | 0.460 | |||
| 12–23 | 6.2 (4.76–8.01) | 7.9 (4.72–12.9) | 2.0 (0.91–4.51) | 0.081 | |||
| 24–35 | 6.5 (4.75–8.85) | 5.3 (3.40–8.14) | 0.8 (0.41–1.74) | 0.639 | |||
| 36–48 | 4.1 (3.07–5.49) | 5.4 (3.02–9.47) | 2.4 (0.80–7.00) | 0.119 | |||
| 48–59 | 5.5 (4.09–7.32) | 2.0 (1.08–3.81) | 0.5 (0.21–1.34) | 0.178 | |||
| Stunted growth (hight-for-age) | 0.132 | 0.239 | |||||
| No | 5.5 (4.77–6.35) | 5.2 (4.10–6.53) | 1.2 (0.85–1.82) | 0.247 | |||
| Yes (Z < −2) | 7.7 (5.06–11.5) | 7.1 (3.86–12.7) | 1.8 (0.57–5.78) | 0.302 | |||
| Household chief's educational level | 0.351 | 0.995 | |||||
| Lower than primary school | 5.9 (4.24–8.19) | 5.2 (3.13–8.65) | 1.4 (0.31–6.32) | 0.656 | |||
| Lower than secondary school | 5.1 (4.03–6.42) | 5.8 (4.23–7.90) | 1.4 (0.92–2.25) | 0.107 | |||
| Lower than higher education | 5.8 (4.81–7.00) | 5.3 (3.49–7.86) | 1.1 (0.68–1.89) | 0.616 | |||
| Higher education or further | 7.9 (4.56–13.4) | NO | NA | NA | |||
| Health insurance | 0.003 | 0.754 | |||||
| Uninsured | 7.0 (5.81–8.43) | 6.3 (3.46–11.1) | 0.8 (0.45–1.52) | 0.562 | |||
| Subsidized | 4.3 (3.52–5.17) | 5.3 (3.81–7.23) | 1.7 (0.85–3.43) | 0.133 | |||
| Contributive/others | 5.5 (3.00–9.78) | 6.2 (3.58–10.4) | 2.0 (0.46–8.73) | 0.342 | |||
| Food insecurityb | 0.024 | 0.641 | |||||
| No | 7.2 (5.86–8.88) | 5.0 (3.69–6.81) | 0.7 (0.48–1.18) | 0.210 | |||
| Mild | 4.3 (3.46–5.38) | 6.2 (4.50–8.56) | 1.5 (0.96–2.36) | 0.077 | |||
| Moderate | 6.1 (4.39–8.48) | 6.6 (2.54–15.9) | 3.8 (1.67–8.80) | 0.002 | |||
| Severe | 4.0 (2.43–6.43) | 3.2 (2.01–5.23) | 1.2 (0.52–2.82) | 0.649 | |||
| Wealth index | < 0.001 | 0.677 | |||||
| T1- poorest | 2.6 (1.69–3.85) | 5.2 (4.23–6.33) | 2.0 (1.30–3.19) | 0.002 | |||
| T2 | 5.1 (4.17–6.25) | 6.8 (3.01–14.6) | 1.2 (0.50–3.04) | 0.649 | |||
| T5- wealthiest | 6.7 (5.57–8.07) | 1.5 (0.20–9.97 | 0.2 (0.03–1.38) | 0.102 | |||
| Ethnicity | 0.097 | 0.359 | |||||
| Mestizo | 5.8 (5.02–6.71) | 5.7 (4.12–7.78) | 1.3 (0.75–2.15) | 0.367 | |||
| Black/Afro-descendant | 4.9 (3.20–7.48) | 5.1 (3.19–8.08) | 1.9 (0.75–4.72) | 0.162 | |||
| Indigenous | 2.4 (1.42–4.19) | 4.2 (2.41–7.25) | 2.3 (0.98–5.40) | 0.056 | |||
| Region | 0.704 | 0.121 | |||||
| Central | 6.5 (5.04–8.39) | 7.5 (4.00–13.7) | 1.8 (0.54–6.19) | 0.306 | |||
| Atlantic | 5.0 (4.14–6.05) | 4.4 (3.09–6.12) | 2.4 (1.43–3.95) | 0.003 | |||
| Oriental | 5.8 (3.91–8.64) | 6.2 (3.91–9.71) | 0.7 (0.28–1.53) | 0.305 | |||
| Pacific | 5.3 (3.63–7.81) | 4.8 (3.36–6.69) | 1.2 (0.52–2.60) | 0.680 | |||
| Bogotá | 5.7 (3.95–8.27) | NO | NA | NA | |||
| Amazon/Orinoquia | 5.9 (4.59–7.48) | 0.1 (0.00–1.97) | 7.6 (1.29–44.86) | 0.011 | |||
NO: no occurences; NA: not available.
a
aPR: adjusted prevalence ratio [rural/urban] found in a binomial model, having the wasting prevalence in the weight-for-height indicator, Z < −2, as the independent variable and area as the explanatory variable. Adjustment was applied by the following covariables: gender, age, stunted growth in height-for-age, Z < −2, household chief's educational level, health insurance, household food insecurity, wealth index, ethnicity and region
b
Based on ELCSA.