. 2020 Oct 29;8(10):e3200. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003200

Table 3.

Ethical Considerations of AI in Plastic Surgery

Ethical Issue	Description	Examples	Reference
Informed consent regarding the use of data	The need for data-use agreements on behalf of data providers and aggregators	• Consent for the use of patient data within an HER	Kohli and Geis³⁷
Informed consent regarding the use of data		• Consent for the use of patient photographs in a training data set	Kohli and Geis³⁷
Quality assurance of data	The need for high quality data that represent the patient population for which the AI system is intended	• Inclusion of people of different ethnicities in facial recognition and other AI systems that are dependent on visual data	Liang et al³⁰
Quality assurance of data		• Provider awareness of biases that may stem from the data set	Liang et al³⁰
Integrity of the patient–physician relationship and the human dimension of health care	The need to assure that AI does not compromise the patient–physician relationship centered on trust, empathy, and shared decision-making process	• The integration of AI systems into patient-centered clinical practice	Koimizu et al³¹^–; Aminololama Shakeri and López ³⁸; Krittanawong³⁹; Ahuja⁴⁰
		• The automation of clinical tasks