Table 3.
Candidate Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Currently in Clinical Trials
| S. No. | Vaccine Name | Developer (Country) | Platform | Phase 1 Start Date (mm/dd/yyyy) | Current Phase | Participants’ Age and Sample Size (N)* | Mode of Administration | Vaccination Schedule* |
Same Platform for Other Viral Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | N/A | Beijing Institute of Biological Products and Sinopharm (China) | Inactivated | 04/28/2020 | Phase 3 (ChiCTR2000034780) Phase 1/2 (ChiCTR2000032459) |
• Ages: 18 and over • N = 15,000 |
IM | Day 0, 14 or 0, 21 | |
| 2 | N/A | Wuhan Institute of Biological Products and Sinopharm (China) | Inactivated | 04/11/2020 | Phase 3 (ChiCTR2000034780) Phase 1/2 (ChiCTR2000031809) |
• Ages: 18 and over • N = 15,000 |
IM | Day 0, 14 or 0, 21 | |
| 3 | PiCoVacc/ PROFISCOV | Sinovac (China) | Inactivated | 04/16/2020 | Phase 3 (NCT04456595) Phase 1/2 (NCT04383574) (NCT04352608) |
• Ages: 18 and over • N = 8870 |
IM | Day 0, 14 | SARS |
| 4 | N/A | Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (China) | Inactivated | 05/15/2020 | Phase 1/2 (NCT04470609) Phase 1 (NCT04412538) |
• Ages: 18–59, 60 and over • N = 942, 471 |
IM | Day 0, 28 | |
| 5 | BBV152 | Bharat Biotech (India) | Inactivated | 07/13/2020 | Phase 1/2 (NCT04471519) |
• Ages: 16–65 • N = 1125 |
IM | Day 0, 14 | |
| 6 | ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) | University of Oxford and AstraZeneca (UK) | Viral vector (non- replicating) | 03/19/2020 | Phase 3 (ISRCTN89951424) Phase 2b/3 (2020-001228-32) Phase 1/2 (2020-001072-15) |
• Ages: 18–55 • N = 10,260; 30,000; 2000 |
IM | Day 0 | MERS, influenza, TB, Chikungunya, Zika, MenB, plague |
| 7 | Adenovirus Type 5 Vector (Ad5-nCoV) |
CanSino Biological and Beijing Institute of Biotechnology (China) | Viral vector (non- replicating) | 03/16/2020 | Phase 2 (ChiCTR2000031781) Phase 1 (ChiCTR2000030906) |
• Ages: 18 and over • N = 500 |
IM | Day 0 | EBOV |
| 8 | Gam-COVID-Vac | Gamaleya Research Institute (Russia) | Viral vector (non-replicating) | 06/17/2020 | Phase 1 (NCT04436471) (NCT04437875) |
• Ages: 18–60 • N = 38 |
IM | Day 0 | |
| 9 | Ad26COVS1 | Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies (USA, Belgium) | Viral vector (non- replicating) | 07/15/2020 | Phase 1/2 (NCT04436276) |
• Ages: 18-55 • N = 1045 |
IM | Day 0, 56 | |
| 10 | N/A | ReiThera/LEUKOCARE/Univercells (Italy, Germany, Belgium) | Viral vector (non- replicating) | N/A | Phase 1 )2020-002835-31( |
N/A | IM | N/A | |
| 11 | COVID-19-101 | Institute Pasteur/Themis/Univ. of Pittsburg CVR/Merck Sharp & Dohme (Belgium, France) | Viral vector (replicating) | 08/10/2020 | Phase 1 (NCT04497298) |
• Ages: 18–55 • N = 90 |
IM | Day 0, 28 | |
| 12 | NVX-CoV2373 | Novavax (USA, Australia) | Protein subunit | 05/25/2020 | Phase 1/2 (NCT04368988) |
• Ages: 18–59 • N = 131 |
IM | Day 0, 21 | RSV; CCHF, HPV, VZV, EBOV |
| 13 | SCB-201 | Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./GSK/Dynavax (Australia) | Protein subunit | 06/19/2020 | Phase 1 (NCT04405908) |
• Ages: 18–75 | IM | Day 0, 21 | HIV, REV Influenza |
| 14 | N/A | Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical/ Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) | Protein subunit | 06/22/2020 | Phase 2 (NCT04466085) Phase 1 (NCT04445194) |
• Ages: 18–59 • N = 900 |
IM | Day 0, 28 or 0, 28, 56 | MERS |
| 15 | COVAX19 | Vaxine Pty Ltd/Medytox (Australia) | Protein subunit | 06/30/2020 | Phase 1 (NCT04453852) |
• Ages: 18–65 • N = 40 |
IM | N/A | |
| 16 | KBP 201 | Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc (USA) | Protein subunit | 09/14/2020 | Phase 1/2 (NCT04453852) |
• Ages: 18–70 • N = 180 |
IM | Day 0, 21 | |
| 17 | N/A | University of Queensland/CSL/Seqirus (Australia) | Protein subunit | 07/13/2020 | Phase 1 (ACTRN12620000674932p) |
• Ages: 18–55 • N = 120 |
IM | Day 0, 28 | |
| 18 | MVC-COV1901 | Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation/NIAID/Dynavax (Taiwan) | Protein subunit | 09/01/2020 | Phase 1 (NCT04487210) |
• Ages: 20–50 • N = 45 |
IM | Day 0, 28 | |
| 19 | mRNA-1273 | Moderna and NIAID (USA) | mRNA | 03/16/2020 | Phase 3 (NCT04470427) Phase 2 (NCT04405076) Phase 1 (NCT04283461) |
• Ages: 18 and over • N = 30,000 |
IM | Day 0, 28 | Multiple candidates |
| 20 | BNT162 | BioNTech and Pfizer (Germany and USA) | mRNA | 04/29/2020 | Phase 3 (NCT04368728) Phase 1/2 (2020–001038–36) (NCT04368728) |
• Ages: 18–85 • N = 29,481 |
IM | Day 0, 28 | |
| 21 | COVAC1 | Imperial College London (UK) | mRNA | 04/01/2020 | Phase 1 (ISRCTN17072692) |
• Ages: 18–45 • N = 320 |
IM | N/A | EBOV; LASV, MARV, Inf (H7N9), Rabies |
| 22 | CVnCoV | Curevac (Germany, Belgium) | mRNA | 06/18/2020 | Phase 1 (NCT04449276) |
• Ages: 18–60 • N = 168 |
IM | Day 0, 28 | Rabies, LASV, YFV; MERS, InfA, Zika, dengue, NPV |
| 23 | N/A | People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military Sciences/Walvax Biotech (China) | mRNA | 06/25/2020 | Phase 1 (ChiCTR2000034112) |
• Ages: 18–80 • N = 168 |
IM | N/A | |
| 24 | ARCT-021 | Arcturus/Duke-NUS (Singapore) | mRNA | 08/10/2020 | Phase 1/2 (NCT04480957) |
• Ages: 21–80 • N = 92 |
IM | Day 0,14 or 0,28 | |
| 25 | INO-4800 | Inovio Pharmaceuticals (USA) | DNA | 04/03/2020 | Phase 1/2 (NCT04336410) |
• Ages: 18 and over • N = 120 |
ID | Day 0, 28 | Multiple candidates |
| 26 | nCov | Cadila Healthcare Limited (India) | DNA | 07/04/2020 | Phase 1/2 (CTRI/2020/07/026352) |
• Ages: 18–55 • N = 1084 |
ID | Day 0, 28, 56 | |
| 27 | GX-19 | Genexine Consortium (Korea) | DNA | 06/17/2020 | Phase 1 (NCT04445389) |
• Ages: 18–50 • N = 190 |
IM | Day 0, 28 | |
| 28 | N/A | Osaka University/AnGes/Takara Bio (Japan) | DNA | N/A | Phase 1 (NCT04463472) |
• Ages: 20–65 • N = 30 |
IM | Day 0, 14 | |
| 29 | N/A | Medicago Inc. (Quebec, Canada) | VLP | 07/10/2020 | Phase 1 (NCT04450004) |
• Ages: 18–55 • N = 180 |
IM | Day 0, 21 |
*Data reflect the most advanced clinical phase available.
No, number; N/A, not available; CCHF, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever; DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid; EBOV, Ebola virus; GMFR, Geometric mean fold rise; GMI, Geometric Mean Increase; GMR, Geometric Mean Ratio; GMT, Geometric Mean Titer; HPV, Human Papillomavirus; IFN-γ, Interferon gamma; IgG, Immunoglobulin G; IgM, Immunoglobulin M; LASV, Lassa virus; LNP, Lipid nanoparticles; MARV, Marburg virus; Inf, influenza; MenB, Serogroup B Meningococcal; MERS, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome; mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid; NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; NPV, nuclear polyhedrosis virus; RNA, Ribonucleic acid; RSV, Respiratory syncytial virus; SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TB, Tuberculosis; VZV, Varicella-zoster virus; YFV, yellow fever virus.