Table 2.
Surgical Technique by Gynecomastia Grade
| Author | Year | Total Patients | Patients by Grade | Proposed Treatment | Incision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coskun et al17 | 2001 | 32 | 12-I | SSPM | IA |
| 20-II | SSPM | IA versus extended IA | |||
| Wiesman et al18 | 2004 | 174 | 65-I | SSPM, SSPM + lipo, lipo only | IA |
| 74-II | SSPM, SSPM + lipo, lipo only, MSR | IA for SSPM, IV-T versus lateral wedge for MSR | |||
| 35-III | SSPM, SSPM + lipo, lipo only, MSR, MSR + lipo | IA for SSPM, IV-T versus lateral wedge for MSR | |||
| Handschin et al19 | 2007 | 100 | 3-I | SSPM | IA |
| 42-IIa | SSPM, SSPM + lipo, lipo only | IA | |||
| 31-IIb | SSPM, SSPM + lipo, MSR, lipo only | IA, CC versus IV-T | |||
| 24-III | SSPM + lipo, MSR, lipo only | IA, CC versus IV-T | |||
| Tashkandi et al20 | 2004 | 24 | 24-III | MSR-central subdermal plexus pedicle* | CC |
| Fan et al21 | 2009 | 65 | 16-IIB | ESCM | Axilla (2 cm), MA (5–10 mm), inferolateral (5–10 mm) |
| 49-III | ESCM | Axilla (2 cm), MA (5–10 mm), inferolateral (5–10 mm) | |||
| Murali et al22 | 2011 | 20 | 20-I/II | Lipo only, SSPM + lipo | IA |
| Li et al23 | 2012 | 41 | 7-I | SSPM ± lipo | IA 2 cm |
| 15-IIa | Lipo + SSPM | IA 2 cm | |||
| 14-IIb | Lipo + SSPM | IA 2 cm | |||
| 5-III | Lipo + SSPM vs. MSR + lipo + nipple repositioning | IA 2 cm versus CC | |||
| Kasielska and Antoszewski24 | 2013 | 113 | 50-I | SSPM | IA |
| 33-IIa | SSPM | IA | |||
| 23-IIb | SSPM | IA | |||
| 7-III | MSR versus breast amputation, FNG | IV-T versus CC + IMF | |||
| Sarkar et al25 | 2014 | 12 | 12-IIb/III | MSR + lipo | CC |
| Shirol9 | 2016 | 20 | 8-IIa | Lipo + SSPM (Orange peel pull through) | IA 6–8 mm |
| 10-IIb | Lipo + SSPM (Orange peel pull through) | IA 6–8 mm | |||
| 2-III | Lipo + SSPM (Orange peel pull through) | IA 6–8 mm | |||
| Khalil et al26 | 2017 | 52 | 10-I | Lipo + SSPM (Direct pull through) | ILQ 8–10 mm |
| 25-IIa | Lipo + SSPM (Direct pull through) | ILQ 8–10 mm | |||
| 17-IIb | Lipo + SSPM (Direct pull through) | ILQ 8–10 mm | |||
| Thiénot et al27 | 2017 | 9 | 9-III | MSR-inferolateral subdermal plexus pedicle | CC and IMF |
| Wyrick et al28 | 2018 | 52 | 38-I | MSR-central subdermal plexus pedicle versus SSPM | CC versus IA 1/3 NAC circumference |
| 14-II/III | MSR-central subdermal plexus pedicle versus SSPM | CC versus IA 1/3 NAC circumference | |||
| Akhtar et al29 | 2019 | 60 | 26-IIA | SSPM + lipo versus VAM + lipo | IA versus 3 mm lateral IMF |
| 34-IIB | SSPM + lipo versus VAM + lipo | IA versus 3 mm lateral IMF | |||
| Varlet et al30 | 2019 | 12 | 8-IIb | ESCM | MA trocar site 10 mm |
| 4-III | ESCM | MA trocar site 10 mm | |||
| Yao et al8 | 2019 | 22 | 3-I | VAM | ILQ 3 mm |
| 19-IIa | VAM | ILQ 3 mm | |||
| 8-IIb | VAM | ILQ 3 mm | |||
| 3-III | VAM | ILQ 3 mm | |||
| Sim et al31 | 2020 | 304 | 126-I | MELT, lipo only, SSPM, SSPM + lipo | IA |
| 112-II | MELT, lipo only, SSPM, SSPM + lipo | IA | |||
| 36-III | MELT, lipo only, SSPM, SSPM + lipo | IA |
FNG, free nipple graft; IA, infra-areolar; IV-T, inverted-T; Lipo, liposuction; LQ, inferolateral quadrant; MA, mid-axillary.