Table 4.

Factors Limiting Resident Surgical Autonomy

Resident responses to “Please rank the following in regards to how they limit resident surgical autonomy (1 = most, 8 = least)”
Category	Median (Range)
Complexity of the case	2 (1–8)
Attending supervision	3 (1–7)
Lack of familiarity with procedure	3 (1–8)
Time constraint during operation	4 (1–8)
Legal concern/hospital regulations	5 (1–8)
Patient concern with resident participation	6 (1–8)
Reimbursement regulations	7 (1–8)
Work-hour restrictions	8 (1–8)
Attending surgeon responses to “Please rank the following factors based on how they reduce resident surgical autonomy in the operating room (1 = most, 8 = least)”
Category	Median (Range)
Concern for patient outcomes	1 (1–7)
Attending supervision	3 (1–7)
Productivity concerns	3 (1–7)
Hospital policy/regulation	5 (1–7)
Legal concern	5 (1–7)
Work-hour restrictions	5 (1–7)
Reimbursement regulations	6 (1–7)