Table 2.

Surgical Approaches and Results^4,5,8,10,14

Approach	Indicated Population	Conducive to Combined Mastopexy Augmentation?	Goals	Complications (immediate/delayed)	Long-term Expectations
Periareolar “Crescent Mastopexy”	Grade I/II ptosis	Yes	Address minor NAC asymmetries	Areolar herniation Purse-string breakage Palpable ring	Flattening and deprojection of the breast over time; scar hypertrophy
SPAIR	Grade I–III ptosis	Yes*	Ptosis correction; removal of glandular tissue (SPAIR), restoration of projection	Periareolar widening, pleating	Bottoming out; delayed and persistent asymmetries
Hall-Findlay	I–III ptosis	Yes	Ptosis correction, improved breast projection	Scarring	Final appearance takes time
Inverted-T	Grade III ptosis	Yes	Breast mound and lower pole elevation to restore youthful contour	Skin necrosis at the T-junction; hypertrophic scarring	Bottoming out over time
Y-Scar	Normal NAC diameter and ideal nipple position. Minimal to no ptosis	Yes	Improved projection with minimal scarring	Inferior areolar fullness; seroma formation	Bottoming out over time

*Yes, although not traditionally performed.⁸