Figure 2.

Gene-Silencing Mechanism

(A) Modulation of HIV replication. LysUUU 3′tsRNA binds to the HIV-1 primer-binding site (PBS) associated with the Ago2 protein. (B) Modulation of DNA damage response is shown. GlyGCC 3′tsRNA modulates the molecular response to DNA damage by repressing endogenous RPA1. (C) Suppression of Notch signaling and tumorigenesis is shown. LeuAAG 3′tsRNA (tRF/miR-1280 fragment) binds to the JAG2 mRNA 3′ UTR and induces its degradation, which inhibits the activation of the Notch pathway in colorectal cancer cells. (D) Trans-gene silencing of 5′ tRNA halves is shown. 5′GluCUC tRNA halves recognize the 3′ UTR of apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (APOER2) mRNA and suppresses its expression.