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. 2020 Sep 6;28(11):2340–2357. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.09.013

Figure 4.

Figure 4

The Regulation of LTR-Retrotransposon (ERV)

(A) Repression. 18-nt 3′tsRNAs block ERV reverse transcription by competing with intact tRNAs for PBS; 22-nt 3′tsRNAs exert post-transcriptional silencing of retroviral protein production by targeting its mRNA. (B) Activation is shown. The ProAAG3′tsRNA (tRF-3019) is capable of priming HTLV-1 reverse transcriptase. The ProAAG3′tsRNA may play an important role in priming HTLV-1 reverse transcription and thus represents a novel target to control HTLV-1 infection.