Table 2.
Correlations/associations between serum or plasma adipokine levels in SSc patients with clinical SSc-related parameters.
| Adipokine | Correlation or association | Sample type | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adiponectin | inverse correlation with SSc skin score (modified Rodnan skin score) | Serum | (29, 32) |
| inverse correlation with changes in skin fibrosis over time | Serum | (29, 32) | |
| ↓ in adiponectin levels in SSc patients associated with ↑ in total skin thickness score and ↑ in the incidence of pulmonary fibrosis | Serum | (28) | |
| positive correlation of adiponectin levels with vital capacity of the lung | Serum | (44) | |
| positive correlation with disease activity score (Valentini score) | Serum | (44) | |
| Adipsin | associated with PAH | Serum | (38) |
| no association with SSc skin score (modified Rodnan skin score) or pulmonary function parameters | Serum | (38) | |
| ↓ in the frequency of anticentrome antibody positivity in dcSSc patients compared with lcSSc patients | Serum | (38) | |
| Apelin | inverse correlation with SSc skin score (modified Rodnan skin score) | Serum | (40) |
| ↑ in the prevalence of intractable skin ulcers, scleroderma renal crisis, and PAH in patients with elevated serum apelin levels than in those without | Serum | (36) | |
| Chemerin | inverse correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate in SSc patients with renal dysfunction | Serum | (35) |
| Leptin | association with the duration of SSc symptoms | Serum | (44) |
| positive correlation with the severity of lung fibrosis | Serum | (37) | |
| no association with skin score, activity score, and disease duration in SSc patients | Serum | (45) | |
| Lipocalin-2 | ↑ in the prevalence of scleroderma renal crisis in SSc patients with elevated lipocalin-2 levels | Serum | (39) |
| inverse correlation with estimated glomerular renal filtration rate in SSc patients with renal dysfunction | Serum | (39) | |
| positive correlation with SSc skin score in patients with dcSSc (+ disease duration of <3 years) | Serum | (39) | |
| Omentin | no correlation with fibrotic or systemic inflammatory markers | Serum | (49) |
| Resistin | inverse correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate in SSc patients with renal dysfunction | Serum | (41) |
| positive correlation with ILD, arthralgia, esophageal involvement, and CRP levels | Plasma | (42) |
SSc: systemic sclerosis; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension; dcSSc: diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis; lcSSc: limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis; ILD: interstitial lung disease; CRP: C-reactive protein.