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. 2020 Aug 7;99(11):5999–6006. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.032

Figure 1.

Figure 1

In experiment 1, 108 day-of-hatch SPF layer chicks were randomly divided into 6 groups. Chicks were orally administered the probiotics LKF_DN1 and KMA5 on day 1 (D1) and D2, followed by Salmonella Enteritidis resistant to rifampicin (SERR) on D3. Six chicks from each group were sacrificed at D4, D9, and D14 to collect the ceca for viable cell counting of the SERR strain (A). In experiment 2, probiotics were administered consecutively on D10 and D11, followed by administration of the SERR strain on D12. Six chicks from each group were sacrificed on D13 (B). In experiment 3, the SERR strain was administered at D9 before probiotic administration (D10 and D11). Six chicks from each group were sacrificed on D12 (C). Abbreviations: KMA5, Kluyveromyces marxianus KU140723-05; LKF_DN1, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens DN1; NC, negative control; PC, positive control; SPF, specific-pathogen-free.