Figure 2.

The number of viable cells of the Salmonella Enteritidis resistant to rifampicin (SERR) strain in the cecal content of chicks in different treatment groups. SERR cell numbers were counted on day 4 (D4), 9, and 14 during the experimental period (D1, D6, and D11 after Salmonella Enteritidis administration, respectively). LKF_DN1 (1.22 × 10⁷/chick), KMA5 (1.23 × 10⁶/chick), and IDF-7 (3.24 × 10⁷/chick) strains were administered on D1 and D2, followed by the SERR strain (3.20 × 10⁷/chick) on D3. Data from experiment 1 were used. Differences in the number of viable SERR cells within each group were considered to be statistically significant at a P-value of less than 0.05 (P < 0.05). Significant differences between groups at the time points are indicated by lowercase letters. Graphs represent the mean of SERR number expressed as log₁₀ cfu/g cecal content. Scale bars represent the SD of the mean. Abbreviations: IDF-7, a commercial product containing Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis; KMA5, Kluyveromyces marxianus KU140723-05; LKF_DN1, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens DN1; NC, negative control; PC, positive control.