Table 3.

Effects of dietary manganese (Mn) supplementation on productive performance of duck breeders in the laying period (17–34 wk).

Variables	Mn supplemental level (mg/kg)1						SEM	P-value
	0	20	40	80	120	160		ANOVA	Linear	Quadratic
Early laying period (17–18 wk)
Egg production (%)	66.1	71.0	74.4	64.8	72.4	70.0	1.393	0.327	0.736	0.396
Average egg weight (g)	53.4	52.7	54.0	52.0	53.6	53.6	0.263	0.277	0.736	0.908
Egg mass (g)	35.7	37.3	40.1	33.7	38.7	37.6	0.730	0.148	0.686	0.576
FCR (g:g)	3.87	3.58	3.60	4.30	3.73	3.67	0.064	0.004	0.714	0.935
Peak laying period (19–34 wk)
Egg production (%)
1 to 4 wk	86.4	86.8	89.5	88.4	90.2	90.2	0.659	0.390	0.046	0.118
5 to 8 wk	89.2	90.1	93.5	93.6	92.1	92.0	0.706	0.400	0.281	0.144
9 to 12 wk	83.3	84.8	85.1	88.3	89.4	84.8	0.715	0.094	0.133	0.020
13 to 16 wk	78.8	87.2	85.9	89.9	85.6	84.6	0.955	0.017	0.293	0.011
1 to 16 wk	84.2	86.8	88.3	89.4	89.2	87.8	0.591	0.015	0.047	0.001
Average egg weight (g)
1 to 4 wk	59.4	59.0	59.5	59.4	59.0	59.3	1.210	0.984	0.807	0.971
5 to 8 wk	63.1	63.1	63.7	63.4	63.5	63.4	0.197	0.961	0.618	0.770
9 to 12 wk	65.5	65.1	65.6	65.3	65.5	65.9	0.168	0.873	0.371	0.538
13 to 16 wk	66.1	64.3	66.2	66.2	66.7	66.8	0.251	0.046	0.038	0.119
1 to 16 wk	63.4	62.6	63.6	63.6	63.6	63.7	0.184	0.515	0.248	0.513
Egg mass (g)
1 to 4 wk	51.3	51.2	53.2	52.4	53.3	53.4	0.394	0.362	0.058	0.143
5 to 8 wk	56.3	56.3	59.5	59.3	58.5	58.3	0.456	0.141	0.151	0.060
9 to 12 wk	54.6	54.0	55.8	57.7	58.6	55.9	0.480	0.037	0.034	0.010
13 to 16 wk	52.0	56.1	56.8	59.5	57.0	56.5	0.592	0.007	0.049	0.001
1 to 16 wk	53.4	54.3	56.2	56.8	56.7	55.9	0.386	0.038	0.020	0.003
FCR (g:g)2
1 to 4 wk	3.07	3.07	2.95	3.00	2.96	2.94	0.022	0.334	0.055	0.138
5 to 8 wk	2.94	2.94	2.77	2.78	2.83	2.83	0.022	0.124	0.144	0.057
9 to 12 wk	3.03	3.06	2.96	2.87	2.82	2.96	0.025	0.035	0.032	0.010
13 to 16 wk	3.18	2.95	2.91	2.78	2.90	2.93	0.031	0.006	0.049	0.001
1 to 16 wk	3.05	3.00	2.90	2.87	2.88	2.92	0.020	0.033	0.018	0.003

¹Mean of 6 replicates (14 ducks per replicate) per treatment.

²FCR: feed conversion ratio.