Table 2.
Performances of plasma SEPT9 methylation (mSEPT9) and serum AFP in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or early-stage HCC.
| Cut-off value | AUC | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PPV (%) |
NPV (%) |
Accuracy (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | 95% CI | |||||||
| HCC vs. HC | ||||||||
| mSEPT9 | CT < 41 | 0.961 | 0.933-0.989 | 82.7 | 96.0 | 92.5 | 90.3 | 91.0 |
| AFP | > 20 ng/mL | 0.881 | 0.833-0.928 | 57.7 | 98.3 | 95.2 | 79.5 | 83.1 |
| SEPT9+AFP | 0.986 | 0.974-0.999 | 91.3 | 94.8 | 91.3 | 94.8 | 93.5 | |
| Early-stage HCC vs. HC | ||||||||
| mSEPT9 | CT < 41 | 0.946 | 0.907-0.985 | 76.7 | 96.0 | 88.9 | 90.8 | 90.3 |
| AFP | >20 ng/mL | 0.852 | 0.789-0.914 | 52.1 | 98.3 | 92.7 | 83.0 | 84.6 |
| SEPT9+AFP | 0.980 | 0.962-0.999 | 87.7 | 94.8 | 87.7 | 94.8 | 92.7 | |
| HCC vs. at-risk | ||||||||
| mSEPT9 | CT < 41 | 0.843 | 0.787-0.899 | 82.7 | 83.2 | 84.3 | 81.4 | 82.9 |
| AFP | >20 ng/mL | 0.812 | 0.751-0.873 | 57.7 | 86.3 | 82.2 | 65.1 | 71.4 |
| SEPT9+AFP | 0.863 | 0.812-0.914 | 91.3 | 76.8 | 81.2 | 89.0 | 84.4 | |
| Early-stage HCC vs. at-risk | ||||||||
| mSEPT9 | CT < 41 | 0.799 | 0.73-0.868 | 76.7 | 83.2 | 77.8 | 82.3 | 80.4 |
| AFP | >20 ng/mL | 0.779 | 0.707-0.852 | 52.1 | 86.3 | 74.5 | 70.1 | 71.4 |
| SEPT9+AFP | 0.817 | 0.753-0.881 | 87.7 | 76.8 | 74.4 | 89.0 | 81.5 | |
HCC indicates hepatocellular carcinoma. HC indicates healthy control. Early-stage HCC represents patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. At-risk indicates noncancerous liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatitis. AFP indicates alpha fetoprotein. CT indicates cycle threshold. AUC represents area under curve. CI indicates confidence interval. PPV indicates positive predictive value. NPV means negative predictive value.