Table 4.
Potential risk factors associated with malnutrition, stunting, wasting, and anemia in Ghindae area, Eritrea, 2018 (n = 450).
| Category | Total N (%) | Malnutrition | Low BMI for age | Low height for age | Anemia | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | COR | N (%) | COR | N (%) | COR | N (%) | COR | |||
| Gender | Male | 215 (47.8) | 82 (38.1) | 1 | 51 (23.8) | 1 | 35 (16.3) | 1 | 20 (9.3) | 1 |
| Female | 235 (52.2) | 84 (35.7) | 0.90 (0.62, 1.32) | 44 (18.8) | 0.74 (0.47, 1.17) | 48 (20.4) | 1.32 (.82, 2.14) | 36 (15.3) | 1.77 (0.98, 3.15) | |
| Age | 6–11 | 279 (62) | 89 (31.9) | 1 | 48 (17.3) | 1 | 43 (15.4) | 1 | 30 (10.8) | 1 |
| 12–14 | 171 (38) | 77 (45.0) | 1.75 (1.18, 2.59) | 47 (27.6) | 1.83 (1.16, 2.89) | 40 (23.4) | 1.68 (1.04, 2.71) | 26 (15.2) | 1.48 (0.85, 2.62) | |
| Religion | Muslim | 297 (66.3) | 107 (35.9) | 1 | 57 (19.2) | 1 | 58 (19.5) | 1 | 38 (12.8) | 1 |
| Orthodox | 136 (30.4) | 56 (40.9) | 1.23 (0.82, 1.87) | 36 (26.5) | 1.52 (0.94, 2.45) | 24 (17.5) | 0.88 (0.52, 1.48) | 17 (12.4) | 0.97 (0.53, 1.78) | |
| Catholic | 13 (2.9) | 2 (15.4) | 0.33 (0.07, 1.49) | 1 (7.7) | 0.35 (0.05, 2.75) | 1 (7.7) | 0.35 (0.04, 2.71) | 1 (7.7) | 0.57 (0.07, 4.51) | |
| Protestant | 2 (0.4) | 1 (50) | 1.79 (0.11, 28.8) | 1 (50) | 4.21 (0.26, 68.3) | 0 (0) | - | 0 (0) | - | |
| Grade | 1–3 | 174 (38.7) | 55 (31.6) | 1 | 25 (14.5) | 1 | 32 (18.4) | 1 | 23 (13.2) | 1 |
| 4–5 | 112 (24.9) | 36 (32.1) | 1.03 (0.62, 1.71) | 22 (19.6) | 1.45 (0.77, 2.72) | 16 (14.3) | 0.74 (0.38, 1.42) | 11 (9.8) | 0.98 (0.52, 1.84) | |
| 6–8 | 164 (36.4) | 75 (45.7) | 1.82 (1.17, 2.84) | 48 (29.4) | 2.47 (1.44, 4.25) | 35 (21.3) | 1.20 (0.71, 2.05) | 22 (13.4) | 0.70 (0.32, 1.51) | |
| Mother occupation | Housewife | 354 (80.1) | 123 (34.7) | 1 | 69 (19.5) | 1 | 65 (18.4) | 1 | 49 (13.8) | 1 |
| Other | 88 (19.9) | 40 (45.5) | 1.57 (0.98, 2.51) | 24 (27.6) | 1.57 (0.92, 2.69) | 17 (19.3) | 1.07 (0.59, 1.93) | 6 (6.8) | 0.46 (0.19, 1.10) | |
| Residence area | Urban | 383 (85.3) | 131 (34.2) | 1 | 66 (17.3) | 1 | 75 (19.6) | 1 | 48 (12.5) | 1 |
| Rural | 66 (14.7) | 35 (53) | 2.17 (1.28, 3.68) | 29 (43.9) | 3.74 (2.15, 6.51) | 8 (12.1) | 0.57 (0.26, 1.24) | 8 (12.1) | 0.96 (0.43, 2.14) | |
| Waste disposal | Improper | 106 (23.6) | 49 (46.2) | 1 | 31 (29.2) | 1 | 21 (19.8) | 1 | 12 (11.3) | 1 |
| Proper | 344 (76.4) | 117 (34) | 0.6 (0.38, 0.93) | 64 (18.7) | 0.55 (0.33, 0.91) | 62 (18.0) | 0.89 (0.51, 1.54) | 44 (12.8) | 0.87 (0.44, 1.71) | |
| Parental status | Living together | 289 (65.4) | 109 (37.7) | 1 | 62 (21.5) | 1 | 54 (18.7) | 1 | 37 (12.8) | 1 |
| Divorce | 27(6.1) | 14 (51.9) | 1.77 (0.81, 3.92) | 10 (37.0) | 2.15 (0.94, 4.94) | 4 (14.8) | 0.76 (0.25, 2.28) | 2 (7.4) | 0.89 (0.46, 1.7) | |
| Widowed | 20 (4.5) | 2 (10) | 0.18 (0.04, 0.81) | 1 (5) | 0.19 (0.03, 1.47) | 1 (5.0) | 0.23 (0.03, 1.75) | 1 (5.0) | 0.48 (0.10, 2.26) | |
| Separated | 106 (24) | 39 (36.8) | 0.96 (0.61, 1.52) | 22 (21.2) | 0.98 (0.57, 1.70) | 22 (20.8) | 1.14 (0.65, 1.98) | 15 (14.2) | 0.32 (0.04, 2.56) | |