S. boulardii enhances phagocytosis and bactericidal capacity of HD11 cells. (A) Schematic illustration of C. perfringens-killing assay. HD11 cells were pretreated with S. boulardii (MOI = 100) for 6 h. After being infected with C. perfringens (MOI = 100) for 1 h, washed, and incubated in RPMI 1640 medium with gentamicin (25 μg/mL) and ampicillin (100 μg/mL) for 0 h or 24 h, these cells were lysed, diluted, and plated on reinforced clostridium medium (RCM) agar plates for colony enumeration. (B) S. boulardii enhances phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of macrophages. Results are mean ± SD for 3 independent experiments. ∗P < 0.05 (t test). Abbreviations: Amp, ampicillin; Cp, C. perfringens; Ctr, control group; GM, gentamicin; MOI, multiplicity of infection; Sb, S. boulardii treated group.