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. 2020 Aug 15;99(11):5356–5365. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.045

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Graphical summary of the anti-inflammatory role of Saccharomyces boulardii against Clostridium perfringens infection in chicken HD11 macrophages. S. boulardii induces HD11 macrophages activation to clear C. perfringens and attenuates C. perfringens-induced proinflammatory responses mediated by TLR4/TLR15-MyD88 signaling pathway. Abbreviations: IL, interleukin; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NF-κB p65, nuclear factor kappa-B p65 subunit; PRRs, pattern recognition receptors; TLR, toll like receptor; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; TRAF6, TNF receptor associated factor 6.