Table 4.

Effect of dietary PQQ·Na₂ supplementation on inflammatory cytokines content in serum of broiler chickens challenged with LPS.

Items (pg/mL)	Dietary PQQ·Na2 levels, mg/kg1				SEM	P-values
	1		0
	Saline	LPS	Saline	LPS		LPS	PQQ·Na2	Interaction
Day 20
IL-1β	41.36	59.76	47.56	54.39	11.37	0.024	0.972	0.277
IL-6	23.43	41.87	42.74	51.54	11.54	0.026	0.022	0.394
IL-10	43.78	55.60	36.37	60.46	14.07	0.013	0.804	0.359
Day 21
IL-1β	35.46	36.76	37.2	43.56	2.74	0.011	0.003	0.072
IL-6	16.83	20.43	22.56	27.17	5.49	0.138	0.029	0.848
IL-10	28.93	28.52	35.86	34.86	5.72	0.790	0.028	0.916
Day 42
IL-1β	50.17a,b	45.27b	48.47b	61.74a	8.71	0.328	0.060	0.045
IL-6	35.69	39.03	44.93	45.33	10.18	0.661	0.145	0.771
IL-10	35.31	37.97	38.7	38.96	5.07	0.553	0.403	0.627

^a,bMeans values with different superscripts within each row are significantly different (P < 0.05).

P-values for main effect of LPS challenge, the main effect of dietary PQQ·Na₂, and the interaction between the dietary PQQ·Na₂ and LPS challenge.

Abbreviations: IL-1β, interleukin-1beta; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-10, interleukin-10; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; SEM, pooled standard error of the mean.

¹PQQ•Na₂, dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium supplementation; LPS, dietary treatment was injected LPS; saline, dietary treatment was injected saline.