Figure 1. Various mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of vitamin D deficiency-associated effects in heart failures.
RAAS=Renin Angiotensin Activation System, VDRs=Vitamin D Receptors, PTH=Parathyroid Hormone
Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.