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. 2020 Aug 26;99(11):5844–5857. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.017

Table 6.

Villi height (V, μm), crypts depth (C, μm), and villi: crypt ratio (V:C) in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum at 14 d postinoculation (dpi) according to dietary Arg levels (1.04, 1.14, 1.24, 1.34, and 1.44%) in broilers challenged (Cha) or unchallenged (Unch) with a mixed Eimeria spp. infection.

Challenge Arg Duodenum
 Jejunum
 Ileum
V C V:C V C V:C V C V:C
Cha 1.04 2.87 0.28 10.22a,b,c 1.52 0.27 5.84 1.03 0.24 4.59
1.14 2.75 0.32 8.78c 1.45 0.26 5.57 1.02 0.26 4.15
1.24 2.67 0.28 9.73b,c 1.35 0.26 5.22 1.13 0.29 4.18
1.34 2.60 0.33 8.01c 1.62 0.24 7.22 1.29 0.24 4.68
1.44 2.79 0.32 8.75c 1.50 0.23 6.95 1.20 0.26 4.82
Unch 1.04 2.63 0.23 11.58a,b 1.49 0.20 7.57 1.11 0.20 5.65
1.14 2.47 0.28 9.05b,c 1.64 0.24 7.08 1.08 0.22 5.17
1.24 2.61 0.22 12.36a 1.51 0.19 7.87 1.02 0.19 5.42
1.34 2.95 0.26 11.32a,b 1.53 0.24 6.71 1.10 0.24 4.72
1.44 2.76 0.28 9.90b,c 1.44 0.23 6.56 1.05 0.21 5.33
Challenge Cha 2.74 0.31a 9.10 1.52 0.25 6.16b 1.10 0.26a 4.49b
Unch 2.68 0.25b 10.84 1.49 0.22 7.16a 1.07 0.21b 5.26a
Arg 1.04 2.75 0.26b 10.90 1.50 0.24 6.70 1.07 0.22 5.12
1.14 2.61 0.30a 8.91 1.54 0.25 6.33 1.05 0.24 4.66
1.24 2.64 0.25b 11.05 1.43 0.22 6.55 1.08 0.24 4.77
1.34 2.77 0.29a 9.66 1.58 0.24 6.97 1.12 0.24 4.70
1.44 2.78 0.30a 9.32 1.47 0.23 6.76 1.13 0.24 5.08



SEM Challenge 0.100 0.014 0.392 0.065 0.017 0.449 0.059 0.019 0.394
Arg 0.063 0.008 0.226 0.037 0.010 0.259 0.034 0.011 0.227
Interaction 0.045 0.006 0.160 0.026 0.007 0.183 0.024 0.008 0.160



P-value Challenge 0.598 0.001 <0.001 0.632 0.060 0.029 0.585 0.011 0.035
Arg 0.781 0.045 <0.001 0.697 0.899 0.932 0.863 0.959 0.886
L1 0.550 0.064 0.048 0.907 0.621 0.622 0.326 0.767 0.974
Q1 0.363 0.595 0.872 0.941 0.854 0.766 0.753 0.562 0.351
Interaction 0.309 0.941 0.047 0.656 0.448 0.080 0.561 0.565 0.807
L × Unch2 0.137 0.153 0.506 0.596 0.577 0.276 0.738 0.814 0.564
L × Cha2 0.533 0.223 0.034 0.698 0.197 0.067 0.095 0.853 0.588
Q × Unch3 0.794 0.511 0.280 0.440 0.998 0.615 0.766 0.825 0.576
Q × Cha3 0.313 0.914 0.416 0.487 0.791 0.345 0.882 0.545 0.443

a–cMeans followed by superscript letters are different by Tukey's test (P < 0.05) within the column.

1

L, Linear effect; Q, Quadratic effect.

2

L at Unch—Linear effect of Arg on unchallenged birds; L at Cha–Linear effect of Arg on challenged birds.

3

Q at Unch—Quadratic effect of Arg on unchallenged birds; Q at Cha–Quadratic effect of Arg on challenged birds.