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. 2020 Aug 26;99(11):5844–5857. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.017

Table 8.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD, U/g liver), reduced:oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG, μmol/L/μmol/L, liver), nitric oxide synthase gene expression (iNOS, jejunum), and nitric oxide concentration (NO, μmol/L, plasma) at 6 and 14 d postinoculation (dpi) according to dietary Arg levels (1.04, 1.14, 1.24, 1.34, and 1.44%) in broilers challenged (Cha) or unchallenged (Unch) with a mixed Eimeria spp. infection.

Challenge Arg 6 dpi
 14 dpi
SOD GSH/GSSG iNOS NO SOD GSH/GSSG iNOS NO
Cha 1.04 1.13 52.61 0.85a,b,c,d 22.22 0.43 73.93 1.10 27.48
1.14 1.00 53.02 1.51a 33.79 0.34 93.87 1.11 23.86
1.24 1.14 53.49 1.37a,b,c 27.03 0.43 77.02 1.77 22.95
1.34 1.20 51.75 1.45a,b 24.13 0.45 72.76 0.97 25.44
1.44 1.05 61.40 0.79a,b,c,d 22.66 0.45 78.18 1.50 28.58
Unch 1.04 1.84 68.70 0.68a,b,c,d 15.21 0.38 75.00 0.50 17.01
1.14 1.55 74.81 0.54c,d 12.34 0.68 77.55 0.85 15.69
1.24 1.98 54.50 0.53c,d 13.11 0.57 86.52 1.02 15.72
1.34 2.05 83.89 0.49d 18.34 0.34 75.84 1.00 12.79
1.44 1.66 77.31 0.62c,d 15.02 0.46 76.26 1.26 16.60
Challenge Cha 1.10b 54.46b 1.19 25.97a 0.42 79.15 1.29a 25.66a
Unch 1.66a 71.84a 0.57 14.80b 0.49 78.23 0.92b 15.56b
Arg 1.04 1.48 60.65 0.76 18.72 0.41 74.47 0.80 22.24
1.14 1.27 63.92 1.03 23.06 0.51 85.71 0.98 19.78
1.24 1.17 53.99 0.92 20.07 0.50 81.77 1.400 19.34
1.34 1.63 67.82 0.97 21.24 0.39 74.30 0.98 19.12
1.44 1.35 69.35 0.71 18.84 0.45 77.22 1.38 22.59



SEM Challenge 0.113 5.779 0.128 2.572 0.077 5.982 0.196 2.970
Arg 0.065 3.336 0.074 1.485 0.036 3.453 0.113 1.714
Interaction 0.046 2.359 0.052 1.050 0.025 2.442 0.080 1.212



P-value Challenge <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 0.264 0.856 0.044 <0.001
Arg 0.064 0.390 0.324 0.727 0.663 0.565 0.142 0.866
L1 0.795 0.266 0.671 0.845 0.930 0.741 0.070 0.997
Q1 0.322 0.369 0.070 0.332 0.468 0.341 0.598 0.282
Interaction 0.187 0.478 0.047 0.168 0.140 0.604 0.652 0.959
L × Unch2 0.779 0.331 0.765 0.620 0.537 0.974 0.066 0.781
L × Cha2 0.932 0.545 0.762 0.455 0.640 0.619 0.462 0.777
Q × Unch3 0.129 0.446 0.455 0.791 0.178 0.423 0.722 0.645
Q × Cha3 0.839 0.610 0.100 0.110 0.802 0.583 0.696 0.287

a–dMeans followed by superscript letters are different by Tukey's test (P < 0.05) within the column.

1

L, Linear effect; Q, Quadratic effect.

2

L at Unch—Linear effect of Arg on unchallenged birds; L at Cha–Linear effect of Arg on challenged birds.

3

Q at Unch—Quadratic effect of Arg on unchallenged birds; Q at Cha–Quadratic effect of Arg on challenged birds.