. 2020 Aug 31;99(11):5874–5882. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.029

Table 5.

Effect of dietary astaxanthin (ASTA) supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels in the egg yolk of laying hens.

Items	Time/week	ASTA levels/(mg/kg)				SEM	P value
Items	Time/week	0	25	50	100	SEM	Linear	Quadratic
GSH-Px (U/ml)	2	1,174.36^b	1,856.39^a	1,535.90^a,b	1,707.70^a,b	103.12	0.12	0.15
	4	1,271.06^c	2,274.73^b	2,915.75^a	2,714.29^a,b	156.22	<0.01	<0.01
	6	1,245.61^c	4,695.91^a	4,725.15^a	4,049.71^b	301.79	<0.01	<0.01
MDA (nmol/ml)	2	688.38^a	558.58^b	562.62^b	535.86^b	16.32	<0.01	<0.01
	4	630.00^a	553.34^b	525.56^b	523.33^b	18.21	<0.01	<0.01
	6	663.89^a	467.59^b	438.88^b,c	394.44^c	32.34	<0.01	<0.01
SOD (U/ml)	2	534.72^b	671.72^a	550.71^b	546.77^b	14.78	0.034	<0.01
	4	555.31^b	625.78^a	645.99^a	615.59^a	9.14	<0.01	<0.01
	6	537.97^b	657.85^a	675.16^a	656.42^a	13.63	<0.01	<0.01

^a-cMeans within a row with no common superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05).

Abbreviations: GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase.