Table 5.

Activity of glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), total glutathione (GSH+2GSSG), glutathione redox status (GSH/GSSG).

Item	Dosage (mg/kg)	Challenge	GSH (nmol/mg)	GSSG (nmol/mg)	Total glutathione (GSH+2GSSG) (nmol/mg)	GSH/GSSG
Treatment
NCC	0	No	25.59c	0.07	25.79c	357.49a
NC + curcumin	100	No	44.62a,b	0.38	45.39a,b	126.39b
NC + curcumin	200	No	54.41a	0.47	55.37a	119.98b
CC	0	Yes	34.67b,c	0.38	35.42b,c	96.82b
C + curcumin	100	Yes	37.76b	0.45	38.66b	85.35b
C + curcumin	200	Yes	34.79b,c	0.41	35.60b,c	92.10b
Main effect	Dose
	Control		30.13	0.22b	30.61	227.16
	Curcumin 100		41.19	0.42a	42.03	105.87
	Curcumin 200		44.60	0.44a	45.49	106.04
		Challenge
		No	40.79	0.33	41.42	192.09a
		Yes	35.74	0.40	36.56	91.42b
Source of variance			P-value	P-value	P-value	P-value
Dose effect			0.002	0.007	0.002	<0.001
Challenge effect			0.071	0.139	0.084	<0.001
Dose × challenge			0.003	0.097	0.003	<0.001
SEM			2.064	0.032	2.110	16.650

^abMeans followed by different letters in superscript differ by Duncan's test (P < 0.05).

Challenged group inoculated with 50,000 oocyst/bird of Eimeria maxima, 50,000 oocyst/bird of E. tenella, and 250,000 oocysts/birds of E. acervulina on day 14 after hatch.

Abbreviations: CC, challenged control; C + curcumin 100, challenged +100 mg/kg curcumin; C + curcumin 200, challenged +200 mg/kg curcumin; NCC, nonchallenged control; NC + curcumin 100, nonchallenged +100 mg/kg curcumin; NC + curcumin 200, nonchallenged +200 mg/kg curcumin.