Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of 277 Subjects Included in the Study, Compared with 199 Subjects Lost to Follow-Up
| Included subjects (n = 277) | Subjects lost to follow-up (n = 199) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Missing | N (%)‡ | Missing | N (%)‡ | p value |
| Age (median, IQR range) | - | 42 (26–57) | - | 43 (27–57) | 0.66 |
| Gender (Female) | - | 84 (30%) | - | 51 (26%) | 0.26 |
| Years of education (median, IQR range) | 11 | 14 (12–16) | 7 | 13 (12–15) | < 0.01 |
| Pre-injury seizures* | - | 30 (11%) | - | 18 (9%) | 0.52 |
| Pre-injury migraine and headache | - | 36 (13%) | - | 15 (8%) | 0.06 |
| Pre-injury psychiatric disorders** | - | 89 (32%) | - | 49 (25%) | 0.08 |
| Prior TBI | 7 | 147 (54%) | 14 | 84 (45%) | 0.06 |
| Mechanism of injury | 1 | - | 0.11 | ||
| - Traffic accident | 141 (51%) | 83 (42%) | |||
| - Fall | 84 (30%) | 70 (35%) | |||
| - Assault | 39 (14%) | 40 (21%) | |||
| - Other | 12 (5%) | 6 (2%) | |||
| BAL | - | - | 0.41 | ||
| - ≤ 80 mg/dL (low BAL) | 80 (29%) | 53 (27%) | |||
| - > 80 mg/dL (high BAL) | 39 (14%) | 37 (19%) | |||
| - Not measured | 158 (57%) | 109 (54%) | |||
| GCS <15 | - | 63 (23%) | - | 56 (28%) | 0.18 |
| CT abnormalities*** | - | 95 (34%) | - | 74 (37%) | .52 |
| PTA | 1 | 2 | 0.38 | ||
| - Yes or suspected | 173 (63%) | 112 (56%) | |||
| - No | 90 (32%) | 72 (37%) | |||
| - Unknown | 13 (5%) | 13 (7%) | |||
| LOC | 2 | 1 | 0.58 | ||
| - Yes | 190 (69%) | 132 (67%) | |||
| - No | 66 (24%) | 55 (28%) | |||
| - Unknown | 19 (7%) | 11 (5%) | |||
| Extracranial AIS ≥3 in at least one body region | - | 36 (13%) | - | 32 (16%) | 0.34 |
| ED disposition | - | - | 0.33 | ||
| - Home | 105 (38%) | 62 (31%) | |||
| - Hospital ward | 63 (23%) | 42 (21%) | |||
| - Step-down bed or ICU | 97 (35%) | 88 (44%) | |||
| - Operating room | 12 (4%) | 7 (4%) | |||
Values are presented as N (%) unless otherwise specified.
The p value presents results of Chi-Square test (categorical variables) or Mann-Whitney U test (continuous variables) for the differences between the included subjects and subjects that were lost to follow-up.
Includes seizures and epilepsy
Includes anxiety, depression, sleeping disorders and bipolar disorder
Includes epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, contusion, intracerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, diffuse axonal injury, brain swelling, midline shift, cistern compression, fourth ventricle shift, and third ventricle shift
IQR, interquartile range; TBI, traumatic brain injury; BAL, blood alcohol level; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; CT, computed tomography; PTA, posttraumatic amnesia; LOC, loss of consciousness; AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit.