D2.
Multiple Regression Analyses
| Predictors | Scenario 1: Favorable outcome | Scenario 2: Average outcome | Scenario 3: Unfavorable outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (/y) | 0.36 (p = 0.11) | 0.43 (p = 0.06) | 0.63 (p = 0.02) |
| Gender (female vs. male) | 1.10 (p = 0.22) | 1.24 (p = 0.18) | 1.21 (p = 0.27) |
| Years of education (/y) | −0.27 (p = 0.05) | −0.36 (p = 0.01) | −0.76 (p < 0.01) |
| Pre-injury seizures* (yes vs. no) | 1.36 (p = 0.31) | 1.47 (p = 0.29) | −0.18 (p = 0.91) |
| Pre-injury migraine and headache (yes vs. no) | 3.40 (p = 0.01) | 3.28 (p = 0.02) | 1.11 (p = 0.48) |
| Pre-injury psychiatric disorders** (yes vs. no) | 2.99 (p < 0.01) | 2.65 (p < 0.01) | 2.56 (p = 0.02) |
| Prior TBI (yes vs. no) | 2.73 (p < 0.01) | 2.77 (p < 0.01) | 1.04 (p = 0.30) |
| BAL | |||
| -High BAL vs. low/unmeasured | −1.26 (p = 0.32) | −1.31 (p = 0.31) | −1.00 (p = 0.51) |
| -Unmeasured BAL vs. high/low | −1.37 (p = 0.14) | −1.51 (p = 0.11) | −1.14 (p = 0.30) |
| GCS 13 or 14 vs GCS 15 | −0.33 (p = 0.72) | −0.25 (p = 0.79) | 2.45 (p = 0.03) |
| CT abnormalities*** (yes vs. no) | −0.85 (p = 0.35) | −1.02 (p = 0.27) | −0.75 (p = 0.49) |
| PTA | |||
| - Yes vs. no/unknown | 1.90 (p = 0.27) | 2.16 (p = 0.22) | 4.66 (p = 0.03) |
| - No vs. yes/unknown | 1.07 (p = 0.56) | 1.35 (p = 0.48) | 3.18 (p = 0.15) |
| LOC | |||
| - Yes vs. no/unknown | −1.59 (p = 0.33) | −1.85 (p = 0.27) | −1.43 (p = 0.47) |
| - No vs. yes/unknown | −2.28 (p = 0.21) | −2.44 (p = 0.19) | −1.95 (p = 0.37) |
| Extracranial AIS ≥3 in at least one body region (yes vs. no) | −0.18 (p = 0.87) | 0.14 (p = 0.91) | 2.12 (p = 0.12) |
*
Includes seizures and epilepsy.
**
Includes anxiety, depression, sleeping disorders and bipolar disorder.
***
Includes epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, contusion, intracerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, diffuse axonal injury, brain swelling, midline shift, cistern compression, fourth ventricle shift, and third ventricle shift.
PCS, post-concussive syndrome; TBI, traumatic brain injury; BAL, blood alcohol level; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; CT, computed tomography; PTA, posttraumatic amnesia; LOC, loss of consciousness; AIS, abbreviated injury score.