Fig. 3.

CART production and clinical use. The first step in CART generation is collecting the immune cells from the patient or donor via leukapheresis. T cells are separated from other blood components and their activation and expansion is induced. After that, T cells must undergo a gene transfer process, most often via a viral vector. The gene transfer results in the expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on the cell surface. Then, the expansion of modified T cells is induced in the bioreactor. After achieving an appropriate volume, modified cells are collected and administered to the patient. Before the infusion, in most cases, patients undergo the lymphodepletion conditioning chemotherapy