Table 3.

Effect of erdosteine on exacerbation rate in moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients who were inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) users or non-users

(modified from Calverley et al. [39])

	Exacerbation rate/patient/year		Effect size
	Erdosteine	Placebo	Δ vs placebo (%)	P value
All patients	0.27	0.51	− 4.72	0.003
Patients using ICS	0.30	0.54	− 44.2	0.002
No ICS use	0.26	0.49	− 46.9	0.003