FIGURE 6.

Complementary effect of bortezomib and 3‐BrPA under chronic hypoxia in vitro. A, Apoptosis assay of KMS‐11, MM.1S, and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Cells were cultured in normoxia or hypoxia (1% O₂) for 48 h, and then 3‐bromopyruvate (3‐BrPA; 0, 20, 50, or 100 µmol/L) was added in the medium during 24 h. After the treatment, apoptosis assay was conducted. Left panel: x‐axis: Annexin V; y‐axis: 7‐AAD. B, Apoptosis assay of indicated cell lines and a refractory MM sample. Cells were cultured in normoxia or hypoxia (1% O₂) for 24 h, and then bortezomib (for cell lines: 10 nmol/L, for patient sample: 50 nmol/L) and/or 3‐BrPA (20 µmol/L) were added in the medium during 24 h. After the treatment, apoptosis assay was conducted. Upper left panel: x‐axis: Annexin V; y‐axis: 7‐AAD. Asterisks indicate statistical significance: *.01 ≤ P < .05; **.001 ≤ P < .01; ***P < .001; NS, not significant