TABLE 2.
Hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of study factors for nonmelanoma skin cancer
| Cases | Person‐years | Age, PHC‐adjusted HR (95% CI) | P trend a | Multivariable‐adjusted HR (95% CI) b | P trend a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Occupation type | ||||||
| Indoor workers | 73 | 615 269 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Outdoor workers | 60 | 219 052 | 1.30 (0.89‐1.91) | .177 | 1.37 (0.93‐2.03) | .109 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| Non/occasional drinkers | 54 | 263 745 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Regular drinkers <150g/d | 26 | 183 064 | 0.87 (0.55‐1.40) | 0.87 (0.54‐1.40) | ||
| Regular drinkers ≥150g/d | 53 | 387 513 | 0.80 (0.54‐1.19) | .274 | 0.81 (0.54‐1.20) | .288 |
| Coffee consumption | ||||||
| Never | 50 | 247 600 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 1‐4 times/wk | 36 | 249 155 | 0.78 (0.51‐1.21) | 0.78 (0.51‐1.21) | ||
| ≥1 cup/d | 47 | 337 566 | 0.95 (0.63‐1.43) | .765 | 0.99 (0.65‐1.51) | .938 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never smokers | 35 | 203 259 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Former smokers | 53 | 199 934 | 1.40 (0.91‐2.15) | 1.42 (0.92‐2.20) | ||
| Current smokers | 45 | 431 129 | 0.74 (0.48‐1.16) | .114 | 0.79 (0.50‐1.25) | .216 |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Never | 84 | 540 179 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 1‐3 d/mo | 21 | 135 727 | 1.48 (0.91‐2.41) | 1.53 (0.93‐2.50) | ||
| ≥1 d/wk | 28 | 158 415 | 1.13 (0.73‐1.74) | .401 | 1.14 (0.74‐1.77) | .376 |
| BMI | ||||||
| <23 kg/m2 | 50 | 367 167 | 0.79 (0.52‐1.20) | 0.82 (0.54‐1.24) | ||
| 23‐25 kg/m2 | 40 | 234 851 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥25 kg/m2 | 43 | 232 303 | 1.10 (0.72‐1.70) | .104 | 1.09 (0.71‐1.68) | .169 |
| Family history of cancer | ||||||
| No | 99 | 654 805 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 34 | 179 516 | 1.36 (0.92‐2.03) | .127 | 1.38 (0.92‐2.05) | .116 |
| Women | ||||||
| Occupation type | ||||||
| Indoor workers | 103 | 755 112 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Outdoor workers | 48 | 240 380 | 0.88 (0.61‐1.26) | .478 | 0.81 (0.56‐1.17) | .252 |
| Coffee consumption | ||||||
| Never | 64 | 314 830 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 1‐4 times/wk | 47 | 293 084 | 0.95 (0.65‐1.39) | 0.97 (0.66‐1.43) | ||
| ≥1 cup/d | 40 | 387 578 | 0.76 (0.50‐1.17) | .225 | 0.77 (0.50‐1.17) | .236 |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| No | 118 | 748 108 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 33 | 247 384 | 0.76 (0.51‐1.12) | .164 | 0.76 (0.51‐1.13) | .175 |
| BMI | ||||||
| <23 kg/m2 | 68 | 476 847 | 0.98 (0.66‐1.46) | 0.97 (0.66‐1.44) | ||
| 23‐25 kg/m2 | 40 | 241 361 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥25 kg/m2 | 43 | 277 283 | 0.82 (0.53‐1.26) | .369 | 0.83 (0.54‐1.28) | .448 |
| Family history of cancer | ||||||
| No | 126 | 779 710 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 25 | 215 782 | 0.88 (0.57‐1.36) | .554 | 0.87 (0.56‐1.36) | .549 |
PHC, public health center.
a
P for trend was calculated by entering the ordinal values of each group as a continuous term into the models.
b
Adjusted for age, area, occupational type, alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, smoking status, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), family history of cancer mutually, and green tea, Chinese tea, black tea consumption.