Table 2.
Demographic data.
| HITTINa | (%) | HITb (IGRA double+, TST>5mm) | (%) | p-valued | HIV-1-infected, Previous TBc | (%) | p-valued | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 48 | 35 | 39 | |||||
| Age at enrollment | 43·3±5·6 | 42·9±5·6 | 0·72 | 43.0±6.9 | 0·79 | |||
| Sex (% female) | 41 | 85·4 | 30 | 85·7 | >0·99 | 27 | 69·2 | 0·12 |
| Income range | ||||||||
| R0-R3000 | 27 | 56·3 | 22 | 62·8 | 29 | 74·4 | ||
| R3001-R5000 | 16 | 33·3 | 8 | 22·9 | 5 | 12·8 | ||
| Above R5000 | 5 | 10·4 | 5 | 14·3 | 0·56 | 5 | 12·8 | 0·26 |
| Education level | ||||||||
| No schooling | 0 | 0·0 | 0 | 0·0 | 1 | 2·6 | ||
| Primary school | 3 | 6·3 | 7 | 20·0 | 3 | 7·7 | ||
| High school | 41 | 85·4 | 28 | 80·0 | 35 | 89·7 | ||
| Diploma/Degree | 4 | 8·3 | 0 | 0·0 | 0·09 | 0 | 0·0 | 0·69 |
| Employed | 26 | 54·2 | 19 | 54·3 | >0·99 | 17 | 48·9 | 0·39 |
| Weight (kg) | 78·1±17·7 | 82·7±17·8 | 0·27 | 72·2±17.5 | 0·11 | |||
| Height (m) | 1·7±0·1 | 1·7±0·1 | 0·29 | 1·7±0·1 | 0·17 | |||
| BMIe | 28·2±6·2 | 29·2±5·9 | 0·46 | 25·5±6·0 | 0·04 | |||
| Years since HIVf diagnosis (from diagnosis to 1st enrolment) | 8·0±3·0 | 10·0±4·0 | 0·01 | 9·9±3·1 | 0·01 | |||
| Time between HIV diagnosis and TBg diagnosis | Not applicable | Not applicable | 1·8±2·9 | |||||
| Age at TB diagnosis | Not applicable | Not applicable | 35·0±7·5 | |||||
| Time on ARTh in years (from ART start to 1st enrolment) | 7·0±3·0 | 8·0±3·0 | 0·04 | 8·5±2·2 | 0·01 | |||
| Time in years since HIV diagnosis and ART start | 1·0±2·0 | 2·0±3·0 | 0·09 | 1·4±2·3 | 0·31 | |||
| CD4 count before ART initiation | ||||||||
| < 200 CD4+ cells/mm3 | 47 | 97·9 | 33 | 94·3 | 36 | 92·3 | ||
| Between 200-350 CD4+ cells/mm3 | 1 | 2·1 | 2 | 5·7 | 0·57 | 3 | 7·7 | 0·32 |
| Most recent CD4 count | 505·8±191·4 | 486·9±193·8 | 0·66 | 545·6±248·6 | 0·40 | |||
| Last viral load (no VL done at diagnosis) | ||||||||
| LDLi | 27 | 56·3 | 20 | 57·1 | 23 | 59·0 | ||
| < 20 | 5 | 10·4 | 9 | 25·7 | 4 | 10·3 | ||
| <100 | 11 | 22·9 | 6 | 17·1 | 3 | 7·7 | ||
| 100-1000 | 4 | 8·3 | 0 | 0·0 | 7 | 17·9 | ||
| >1000 | 1 | 2·1 | 0 | 0·0 | 0·09 | 2 | 5·1 | 0·82 |
| AIDS defining illness in last year | 0 | 0·0 | 0 | 0·0 | 0 | |||
| IPTj received | 38 | 79·2 | 32 | 91·4 | 0·22 | 38 | 97·4 | 0·02 |
| Current IPT | 5 | 10·4 | 1 | 2·9 | 0·39 | 4 | 10·3 | 1.00 |
| Cotrimoxazole used | 24 | 50·0 | 23 | 65·7 | 0·18 | 23 | 59·0 | 0·52 |
| Previous interventional studies | 0 | 0·0 | 0 | 0·0 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Other illness | ||||||||
| Diabetes | 0 | 0·0 | 1 | 2·9 | 1 | 2·5 | ||
| Asthma | 1 | 2·1 | 0 | 0·0 | 0 | 0·0 | ||
| Hypertension | 13 | 27·1 | 6 | 17·1 | 4 | 10·3 | ||
| Other | 2 | 4·2 | 0 | 0·0 | 0·22 | 0 | 0·0 | 0·02 |
| Recreational substances (cannabis) | 3 | 6·3 | 1 | 2·9 | 0·63 | 2 | 5·1 | 1.00 |
| Alcohol use | ||||||||
| No alcohol | 33 | 68·8 | 28 | 80·0 | 27 | 69·2 | ||
| Occasionally | 15 | 31·2 | 7 | 20·0 | 0·32 | 12 | 30·8 | 1.00 |
| Smoking (Yes) | ||||||||
| Current | 2 | 4·2 | 1 | 2·9 | 4 | 10·3 | ||
| Previous | 0 | 0·0 | 0 | 0·0 | >0·99 | 2 | 5·1 | 0·13 |
HITTIN (HIV-1-infected persistently TB, tuberculin and IGRAk negative)
HIT (HIV-1-infected IGRA positive tuberculin positive)
HIV-1-infected, Previous TB: Subjects with a history of bacteriologically confirmed TB during ART that had been cured for at least 3 years (Arm 2)
The initial p-value refers to the comparisons between HITTIN and the HIT group· The second p-value here refer to the comparisons between HITTIN and previous TB group Categorical frequencies between the HITTIN and HIT groups were compared using the Fisher's exact or χ2 test· Means were compared using the unpaired t test·
BMI (body mass index) was calculated as weight (kg)/height2 (m)·
HIV (human immunodeficiency viruses)
TB (Tuberculosis)
ART (Antiretroviral therapy)
LDL (lower than detectable)
IPT (Isoniazid preventive therapy)
k IGRA (interferon gamma release assay)